159 10 1713 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4881/pera0466_page-0001.jpg 2a96eee1248f3888e33e4322bd17c9ef http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4881/pera0466_page-0002.jpg 70cc7544d30351baffa1f0ba8f33d9d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0466 Title A name given to the resource To Perales, From Manuel Ramírez Perez, February 13, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-02-13 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants Description An account of the resource Letter from Manuel Ramírez Pérez to Alonso S. Perales summarizing the instances in which he has been denied service for being Mexican. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ramírez Pérez, Manuel Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 "To [Unknown], From M. Ramírez Pérez, Febrero 13 de 1944.", Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. September 26, 1930. 16—16. http://ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=h6b& AN=76344124&site=ehost-live&ppid=divp16&lpid=divl11 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Sinton (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial--restaurantes Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4871/pera0455_page-0001.jpg ffea32bf5e23486a179545958efd453c http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4871/pera0455_page-0002.jpg 98846a6df902911059b574c45d08ecfb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0455 Title A name given to the resource To Perales, From Martin G Gonzalez, February 16, 1946 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946-02-16 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Mexican American migrant agricultural laborers Description An account of the resource Letter from Martin G. Gonzalez to Alonso S. Perales regarding the racial discrimination he has faced in Michigan as a farmworker in the beetroot industry. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gonzalez, Martin G. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Saginaw, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación en el empleo Discriminación racial Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Trabajadores agrícolas migrantes mexicanoamericanos http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/217/pera0054.jpg b5e5c0ac5e0c57aca5f2e9af78dc5a62 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/217/pera0054_001.jpg 655336315a2c80710d5eedb76428e9b3 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/217/pera0054_002.jpg c731466d3b3de1473e3771926b0649fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Presdient [Manuel Gonzales], From [Alonso S. Perales], May 4, 1931. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1931-05-04 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: LULAC & Sons of America: General Organizational Documents. Council #16, 1927-1949, p086-088. 3p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0054 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Subject The topic of the resource LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens LETTERS LECTURES & lecturing CONFERENCES & conventions HISPANIC Americans--education Description An account of the resource Letter to President [Manual Gonzales] from Alonso S. Perales regarding his activities for L.U.L.A.C. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant EDINBURG (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Convention Hall, Edinburg Texas, May 4, 1931. Mr. President: With a view of correcting an erroneous impression in the minds of some of my fellow-members that during my incumbency I did nothing for the League of United Latin American Citizens, I am going to read the following list of some of the work done by the President General; I visited and delivered lectures before the following Councils: Name of Council No. of Lectures Rio Grande City 6 Falfurrias 1 Alice 1 San Diego 2. Grulla 1 Encino 1 Brownsville 1 Del Rio 2 Robstown 1 McAllen 2 Mission 1 Roma 2 ___________ 21 Lectured on the Aims and Purposes of our League before the Latin American student body of the College of Arts and Industries, in Kingsville, Texas. About ten days after delivery of the above lecture a group of interested Latin Americans of Kingsville asked me to come and deliver another lecture on the same subject, which I did. Lectured on the same subject before the Latin American Club of the University of Texas and conferred with leaders regarding the organization of a Council there. This took place on April 17 t h, and the only reason I did not go back to organize a council was on account of my being very busy making arrangements for our annual Convention. Lectured on the same subject before the student body and teachers of the Sydney Lanier Junior High School, San Antonio. Total number of lectures delivered: 25. Assisted the Mission and Del Rio School Defense Committee, especially in raising funds. Translated into Spanish the Constitution of our League and supervised its printing. - 2- Published Dr. O. Douglas Weeks and Prof. J.C. Loftin’s articles on the League and supervised the printing. Assisted the Rio Grande City Council in organizing the Roma Council. Conferred with leaders of our race and laid the foundation for new councils in Houston, Raymondville, Mercedes, Guerra, Hebbronville, San Juan, Kingsville, Riviera and Salineño; and communicated by mail with leaders in Gulf, San Angelo and Wharton with reference to the same subject and furnished them copies of the Aims and Purposes of our Organization. Issued several circulars and bulletins to the Councils and had same published in the newspapers. On behalf of our League I sent congratulatory messages to persons who have brought our problems to the attention of our Anglo-Saxon fellow-citizens, such as Prof. Herschel T. Manuel, Prof. J.O. Loftin, C.C. McDaniel, Editor of the McAllen Daily Press, E.E. Foster, Commissioner of Tom Green County, Texas. Kept in constant communication with leaders of our Organization. Of all the Councils visited Del Rio was the only one that defrayed my expenses, and I accepted only at the urgent insistence of the members of said Council. All the work was done by me free of charge with the greatest pleasure. (Alonso. S. Perales) [In parenthesis] President General, The League United Latin American Citizens. [line across the page] By unanimous vote of the Delegates it was decided to incorporate the forgoing report in the minutes of the Third Annual Convention of the League of United Latin American Citizens. -------------------------------- During his incumbency Mr. Perales was absent from Texas about six months [Handwritten – “about”] for of which he spent abroad. (page 3) Some of the things Alonso S. Perales has done for the League of United Latin American Citizens. 1. He has lectured and written upon the unification of Latin American citizens in this country since the year 1920. His efforts have had a great deal of influence in bringing about the consolidation of our people in this country. 2. He was one of the founders of the League of Latin American Citizens founded in Harlingen, Texas, on August 14, 1927. 3. He personally and at his own expense organized the Brownville, Laredo, McAllen and La Grulla Councils of said League. 4. He assisted in founding the other councils of said League. 5. While in Washington, D.C. and Nicaragua in the year 1928 and [Handwritten – the] early part of 1929 he kept in constant communication with the League of Latin American Citizens, the Corpus Christi Council of the Order Sons of American and the Order Knights of American with a view of bringing about the consolidation of the [two e’s in the - crossed out – second “e”] three organizations. His efforts were very influential in effecting said consolidation at Corpus Christi, Texas, on February 17, 1929. 6. In the year 1929, he wrote a series of articles entitled “La Unificación de los Mexico-Americanos”. These articles, which were widely published, assisted greatly in [Handwritten – correcting] many wrong impressions which had arisen regarding the League’s progress of action, and established clearly in the minds of all concerned the real aims and purposes of the League of United Latin American Citizens. 7. Ever since the founding of the League of United Latin American Citizens he has kept in close contact with the various councils of the League and has offered many valuable suggestions and good advice. 8. He has on numerous occasions rendered good service to our race in this country and has, therefore, won the esteem and confidence of our people. He has, therefore, been an asset to the League. 9. On January 29, 1930, Mr. Perales disinterestedly rendered invaluable service to our people in Washington in connection with the proposed immigration legislation. He refuted certain slanderous statements made concerning our race. In doing so, he faithfully lived up to Principles 7, 8, 9, Article II of the Constitution of the League of United Latin American Citizens. 10. He is one of the founders of the League of United Latin American Citizens. Cartas Conferencias Hispanoamericanos -- Educación L.U.L.A.C. Liga de Ciudadanos Latinoamericanos Unida http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/177/pera0071.jpg 1ffc816ee145fb1fe04e3024398f388b http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/177/pera0071_001.jpg 4741c78271cf119b6e958c4e6b264566 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To President, From Alonso S. Perales, April 30, 1927. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-04-30 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. P-Q, p081-082. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LETTERS COOLIDGE, Calvin, 1872-1933 MURDER MEXICAN Americans DUE Process of Law Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0071 Relation A related resource To Su Excelencia Calvin Coolidge, Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America, Palacio Presidencial, From Alonso S. Perales, Febrero 14 de 1927. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource A letter to the President from Alonso Perales regarding the slaying in Willacy County, Texas of Tomás Huñez, Mexican citizen, Ben[illegible] and José Nuñez, American citizens, Inocencio González, American citizen and Mat Zoler, Austrian citizen. The murders took place while in "custody of Willacy County officers" with no one being punished for the crime. Alonso Perales is requesting government assistance. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant WASHINGTON (D.C.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. 900-19th Street, N.W.[From] Washington, D.C. April 30, 1927. The President: In addressing the members and guests of the United Press, in New York City, on the night of April 25, 1927, Your Excellency was quoted by the local newspapers as saying: “We live under a system that guarantees the sanctity of life and liberty through public order and protects the rights of private property under the principle of due process of law. We have thrown every possible safeguard around the individual in order to protect him from any invasion of his rights even by the Government itself. It is peculiarly an American doctrine, now usually accepted in principle. If not adopted in practice, by all civilized countries, that these are inalienable rights, that they ought to belong to all persons every where, and that it is the chief function of government to provide instrumentalities by which these rights can be secured and protected. We have adopted these ideals because we believe that they are of universal application and square with the eternal principles of right. But we may as well realise that they will not continue to prevail unless we are prepared constantly to put forth great efforts and make large sacrifices for their support.” I quite agree with Your Excellency that it is the duty of our Government to protect the lives of American citizens abroad; however, I am sorry Your Excellency did not lay equal stress upon the fact that our Government is also duty bound to protect the lives of American citizens and foreigners within our own borders. In this connection I invite Your Excellency’s attention to my letter of February 14, 1927, in which I informed Your Excellency concerning the slaying in Willacy County, Texas, on or about September 7, 1926, of Tomás Nuñez, a Mexican citizen, his two sons, Benanolo and José Nuñez, American citizens, Inocencio Gonzalez, an American citizen, and Mat Zeler, an Austrian, --2— while they were in the custody of Willacy County officers. No one was punished, or even apprehended, in connection with these crimes, and the incident now seems to be closed., although not et forgotten by American citizens of Mexican descent and the Mexican people generally. In view of the murder of these five men on Texas soil it would seem that the system which guarantees the sanctity of life and liberty of all persons residing in the United States was adopted by us in principle only. If we adopted it in practice as well, why does our Government permit such crimes as these to remain unpunished? I am reluctant to arrive at such a conclusion, Mr. President, but in the light of this and other similar outrages committed in Texas without the guilty parties ever having been punished therefor, and in view also of our Government’s avowed determination to protect the lives of American citizens in foreign countries through the use of armed forces, it would seem that as a matter of fact the lives of American citizens are safer in Nicaragua and China than in the United States proper. I am about to engage in a lecture tour throughout the States of Texas, in the course of which I shall, much to my regret, have to inform my fellow-citizens of Mexican extraction that I failed in my efforts to induce our Government to take action in the case I have alluded to, since neither Your Excellency nor the Governor of Texas, the Honorable Dan Moody, even acknowledged receipt of the communications in which I asked you to be good enough to use your good offices to bring the slayers of the defenseless citizens above mentioned before the bars of justice. Respectfully submitted, (Alonso S. Perales) The President The White House. Asesinato Cartas Coolidge, Calvin Debido Proceso Legal Mexicoamericanos Perales, Alonso S. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4857/pera0440_page-0001.jpg 64fa5f8d26aaf509d92f55cb29ba7a35 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4857/pera0440_page-0002.jpg 87146dd8d235bacb1babb0fe08340090 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4857/pera0440_page-0003.jpg ea667fd1828e722a58cb251c48afb704 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4857/pera0440_page-0004.jpg 1886e02e33e9997f02be9235cf06e261 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0440 Title A name given to the resource To Ramón V. Perez, From Victor V. Avina, Prisoner of War Camp, Hearne, Texas, October 22, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-10-22 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in the military Military prisons Prisoner-of-war camps Description An account of the resource Letter from Victor V. Avina to his brother Ramón V. Perez informing him of the discrimination he has faced by a commanding officer in his military camp for being of Mexican descent. Avina writes that the officer sent him to jail for greeting him casually and that he is awaiting trial. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Avina, Victor V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Hearne (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Campos de prisioneros de guerra Cartas Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación en el ejército Prisión militar http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/271/pera0003.jpg 393ea53086b8aab3248eb73b01f382a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Rev. James R. Cassidy, O.M.I, Chaplain, Catholic War Veterans, From Alonso S. Perales, March 7, 1947 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. C-D, p047-047. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-03-07 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0003 Subject The topic of the resource DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans LETTERS CATHOLIC War Veterans of the United States of America, Inc. SAN Fernando Cathedral (San Antonio, Tex.) PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 AFFIDAVITS PUBLISH-a-book KNIGHTS of Columbus Description An account of the resource Letter to Reverend James R. Cassidy O.M.I Chaplain, Catholic War Veterans from Alonso S. Perales discussing the discrimination which had been taking place in the Rio Grande Valley. He encloses some opinions to help I Reverend Cassidy in convincing those who do not recognize Mexicans (us) as whites. Mr. Perales writes that he will published a book in English containing approximately 100 affidavits of concrete cases of discrimination. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant WESLACO (Tex.) RIO Grande Valley (Colo.-Mexico and Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. March 7, 1947. Rev. James R. Cassidy, O.M.I. Chaplain Catholic War Veterans, P.O. Box 416, Weslaco, Texas. Dear Father Cassidy: Thanks for your letter of Feb. 24th, which I would have answered much sooner had I not been so busy. I am very sorry to know that much discrimination hasshown itself in the Rio Grande Valley during the past weeks. I am enclosing some opinions which may be of assistance to you in convincing those who do not want to recognize us as whites. I am a member of the Catholic War Veterans Post of San Fernando Cathedral, this city, and Name Society of San Fernando Cathedral, and this month I shall join the Knights of Columbus. I intend to publish very soon the facts about discrimination against persons of Mexican descent in Texas. It will be a book published in English. It will contain about 100 affidavits on concrete cases. Please feel free to c all upon me at any time. I am interested in this and any other problems that affects the progress and welfare of my people. With warmest personal regards and best wishes, I am Yours in Faith. Alonso S. Perales. Cartas Cassidy, James R. Rev. Declaración jurada Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Knights of Columbus Perales, Alonso S. San Fernado Cathedral Veteranos de guerra católicos de los Estados Unidos de América, S.A. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/267/pera0035.jpg 82f0445947f33fd2bf1afaca468a243c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Robert K. Carr, President's Committee on Fair Employment Practice, From [Carlos E. Castañeda], Professor of History, May 9, 1947. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [Castañeda, Carlos E. ] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: The Committee of One Hundred Citizens & the League of Loyal Citizens, 1927-1954 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-05-09 Relation A related resource Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0035 Description An account of the resource Letter to Robert K. Carr regarding the employment discrimination suffered by Mexican Americans. Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 CARR, Robert Kenneth, 1908-1976 DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans CASTAÑEDA, Carlos Eduardo, 1896-1958 DISCRIMINATION in employment ETHNIC discrimination Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Copy [marginalia: 2] May 9, 1947 Mr. Robert K. Carr, President's Committee on Civil Rights, 1712 G. Street NW, Room 208 Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Carr: It affords me pleasure to send you herewith attached a br[handwritten:i]ef [brief] statement on the problem of discrimination in employment as it affects the Latin American or Mexican throughout the Southwest from Texas to California. More than twenty years of work in behalf of the Latin American in the Southwest has convinced me that at the base of the various forms of discrimination suffered by them in the political, social, economic and educational fields, lies the economic. This is, in my humble opinion, the real root of the evil. Refusal to give the Latin American citizen equal opportunities for employment and adva[n]ement [advancement], and the denial of the same wage for the same type of work to members of this group have condemned this segment of our population to a substandard level of living that forms the basis for all other forms of discrimination by which the economic exploitation itself is justified. Briefly, the Mexican, be he an American citizen or not, is generally refused employment except in [strikeout] certain types of undesirable, unskilled jobs. Furthermore, once employed, he is refused advancement, generally speaking, regardless of his ability. Thus his income is restricted and held below that of the average citizen. The result, he and his family are forced to live in homes that lack every comfort and sanitary device, they are ill dressed, ill cared for,a nd ill fed. They are unable to keep their children in school. Consequently their physical appearance and their education are sub-standard. The commun[i]ty [community] concludes that in a country of equal opportunities a group that remains in his condition is inferior, consequently an inferior wage and an inferior field of advancement are justified. S[i]ncerely [Sincerely] yours, Professor of History Carr, Robert K. Cartas Castaneda, Carlos Eduardo Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación en el empleo Discriminación étnica Perales, Alonso S. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/294/pera0026.jpg 385718d187f5d4d0c6d38329ec9e78aa http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/294/pera0026_001.jpg b3a238f571f12e0b10c7485f2b2c16c4 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/294/pera0026_002.jpg e7b3bbc32cd6ebdb482a42f18e1d96a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Señor Alonso S. Perales From Eduardo Cazares, 15 Julio - 41 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cazares, Eduardo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-07-15 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Description An account of the resource Letter to Alonso S. Perales from Eduardo Cazares, which recounts the discrimination faced by Cleto Champion, two others, and himself at the Broadway Service Station in McAllen, Texas. They were not allowed to drink water at the gas station because of their ethnicity. Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS DISCRIMINATION ETHNIC discrimination DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans RACE discrimination - public establishments PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant MCALLEN (Tex.) PHARR (Tex.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0026 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Pha[illegible, tear: Pharr] Texas 15. Julio-41 Señor Alonso S. Perales Respetable Señor Perales me he dado cuenta por la prensa en días pasados que Ud. esta en favor de la raza de origen mexicano. Señor Perales hoy fecha 15 de Julio en la Ciudad de McAllen. Tex. Fuimos a Una estación de gasolina a tomar agua y nos dijo el dueño o encargado del lugar que no tomar agua alli que fueramos a tomar agua al lugar donde ibamos. Señor Perales el bombre del dueño es este W.E. HESTER, el de la estación es este Broadway Service Station en McAllen Tex. [page 2] pues nosotros abiamos pasado a la ofician de trabajo rejistrarnos [registrarnos] para el trabajo del govierno [gobierno] que estan para principiar y ese lugar esta media cuadra de la oficina de trabajo. Señor Perales le abisamos a Ud. por tratarse que toca la casualidad que los cuatro que fuimos a ese lugar donde nos negaron el agua somos ciudadanos de este pais y creemos que tenemos derecho para tomar agua donde la encuentremos no digo en ese lugar asta en otro mejor la razon es porque somos mexicanos y nada mas. los que fuimos: Eduardo Casarez, Cleto Champion de Pharr y dos mas de San Juan, Tex. [page 3] Señor Perales no es primer ves [vez] que pasan estos casos. unicamente que muchos de nosotros no damos cuenta ¿pero ya cuando en un lugar de estos nos niegan la agua para tomar que esperamos mas alla? apreciariamos muchisimo que Ud. desida esto y quedo de Ud. su atento y S.S. [signed] Eduardo Cazarez Cartas Cazares, Eduardo Discriminación Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación étnica Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos Perales, Alonso S. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4902/pera0488_page-0001.jpg c89c1d14a464926838d4ebcc8c251b5d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0488 Title A name given to the resource To Señor Lic. Alonso Perales, From Sr. Alejandro Jaramillo, February 16, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-02-16 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants Mexican Americans--Segregation Segregation in education Description An account of the resource Letter from Alejandro Jaramillo to Alonso S. Perales informing him that in Coleman, Texas, the only establishments that serve people of Mexican descent are Victory Cafe, Fatty's Hamburger Stand, and a billiards hall. Additionally, Jaramillo mentions that students of Mexican descent are sent exclusively to a segregated school. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jaramillo, Alejandro Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 "El Lic. Perales solicita informes de importancia." Prensa, 13 Feb. 1944, p. 3. Readex: America's Historical Newspapers, infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2%3A11F30FF2F63C9976%40EANX-120C76E2F030DE48%402431134-120640EE8BF998F8%402. Accessed 18 Nov. 2022. Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Coleman (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial--restaurantes Mexicanoamericanos--Segregación Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Segregación en la educación http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4907/pera0493_page-0001.jpg afaa2b34afb3ee9702b8e14bbafdc3f6 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4907/pera0493_page-0001.1.jpg afaa2b34afb3ee9702b8e14bbafdc3f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0493 Title A name given to the resource To Señor Lic. Alonso S. Perales, From D. Vargas, February 16, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-02-16 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants Mexican Americans--Segregation Race discrimination in medical care Description An account of the resource Letter from D. Vargas to Alonso S. Perales listing public establishments where people of Mexican descent are discriminated, including Palace Theatre, Hagans Barber Shop, Spur Barber Shop, Cayces Barber Shop, Johnsons Barber Shop, City Drug Co., Red Front Drug, and Nunnly Cafe. Additionally, Vargas mentions there is two dentists in the area that segregate patients of Mexican descent. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vargas, D. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Spur (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial en el ciudado médico Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial--restaurantes Mexicanoamericanos--Segregación Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960