<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/items/browse?tags=Archdiocese+of+San+Antonio%2C+Texas&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle&amp;sort_dir=a&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-05-19T16:00:55+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>1</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="4" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="454" order="1">
        <src>http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/4/pera0021.jpg</src>
        <authentication>a7adbcb686380a049877e771fc5cfcb1</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="455" order="2">
        <src>http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/4/pera0021_001.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b83713c1876e1abae5ff283b515314c5</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="456" order="3">
        <src>http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/4/pera0021_002.jpg</src>
        <authentication>7434af2a97f6845ca3ab07edbc920e28</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="468">
        <src>http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/4/pera0021_003.jpg</src>
        <authentication>ddcebec1b7f674b2a818b7b2e251b7e4</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="1">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="2">
                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="3">
                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="4">
                  <text>Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6">
                  <text>Arte Público Press</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="7">
                  <text>Spanish</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5256">
                  <text>English</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="383">
                  <text>Perales, Alonso S. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="384">
                  <text>JPEG</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1721">
                  <text>Text</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1722">
                  <text>Photograph</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5249">
                  <text>PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5250">
                  <text>LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5251">
                  <text>CIVIC participation: working for civil rights</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5252">
                  <text>MEXICAN Americans</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5253">
                  <text>LATINO Americans</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5254">
                  <text>ACTIVISTS</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5255">
                  <text>RACE discrimination</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="46">
              <name>Relation</name>
              <description>A related resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="5257">
                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections </text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="5258">
                  <text>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="13031">
                  <text>Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="22459">
                  <text>Perales, Alonso S.  </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="190">
              <text>paper</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35">
                <text>Letter from Lay Council for the Spanish Speaking, Archdiocese of San Antonio, February 28, 1947.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="38">
                <text>Letter written in response to the discrimination of Henrietta Castillo, Anita Gomez, and Lucy Elizondo. the Lay Council for the Spanish Speaking sent a letter to various organizations and newspapers, denouncing this event. Several community leaders and educators signed the letter.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="39">
                <text>Gonzalez, Henry B. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="90">
                <text>Daunoy, Mary Estelle </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="91">
                <text>McMahon, John I. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="92">
                <text>Gamez, Luis E. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40">
                <text>1947-02-28</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="41">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="43">
                <text>JPEG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="44">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="93">
                <text>Lay Council for the Spanish Speaking, Archdiocese of San Antonio</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="94">
                <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="97">
                <text>Smith, Frances </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="98">
                <text>Rivera, Andrew </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="99">
                <text>Ehlinger, Paul J. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="100">
                <text>Perales, Alonso S. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="101">
                <text>Des Marais, Alice</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="102">
                <text>Pina, Mary </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="103">
                <text>Bartlett, Terrell</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="104">
                <text>Carvajal, Christine </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="105">
                <text>Hayes, John M. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="106">
                <text>Hidalgo, Juan L.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="107">
                <text>O'Connor, Richard  S.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="108">
                <text>Solis, Emma </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="109">
                <text>App, Austin J. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="110">
                <text>Castillo, Henrietta </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="111">
                <text>Cross, Jasper </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="112">
                <text>Christensen, Alice M. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="113">
                <text>Brenner, Theodore J. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="114">
                <text>Birch, John J. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="115">
                <text>pera0021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="117">
                <text>Affidavit sworn by Henrietta Castillo to Alonso S. Perales</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4149">
                <text>Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." &lt;a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://arcg.is/1C1bbv&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="21817">
                <text>Perales, Alonso S. Are We Good Neighbors? 1948. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="125">
                <text>SAN Antonio (Tex.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="126">
                <text>NEW Braunfels (Tex.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="3241">
                <text>LETTERS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3242">
                <text>DISCRIMINATION</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3243">
                <text>RACE discrimination - public establishments</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="3244">
                <text>RACE discrimination</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4122">
                <text>OUR Lady of the Lake College</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="4126">
                <text>PROTESTS and social movements</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="70669">
                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="5">
        <name>Scripto</name>
        <description/>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="53">
            <name>Transcription</name>
            <description>A written representation of a document.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="42">
                <text>LAY COUNCIL FOR THE SPANISH SPEAKING&#13;
Archdiocese of San Antonio&#13;
Room 218, Bedell Bldg.&#13;
San Antonio, 5, Texas&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Henry B. Gonzalez, Pres. &#13;
Miss Mary Estelle Daunoy, Secy.&#13;
Dr. John l. McMahon, VIce-Pres. Mr. Luis E. Gamez, Treas.&#13;
&#13;
February 28, 1947  &#13;
&#13;
To whom it may concern:&#13;
&#13;
In view of the facts presented in the accompanying affidavit, we the members of the Lay Council for the Spanish Speaking of the Archdiocese of San Antonio, hereby vigorously protest the act of discrimination of the manager of the P.K. Cafe at 165 W. San Antonio Street in New Braunfels. We declare that this action is not only un-American but it is un-Christian. We heartily agree that a business firm may refuse service to people on the grounds that they are unclean or disorderly but when American citizens of whatever descent who are neat and clean and conduct themselves in a manner that is above reproach are refused service because their parents or grant-parents were born in another country, we feel that it is high time to cry out against it.&#13;
&#13;
The persons involved in this case happen to be outstanding representative of the group of people known as Latin Americans. One of them, for example, is a senior student at Our Lady of the Lake College. Another, possessed two Master's Degrees, one granted by the University of Texas and the other by St. Mary's University of San Antonio. The third is president of a women's church group in San Antonio. The brother of Miss Castillo died in the service of his country. He was a member for the Army Air Forces during the last war. Mrs. Gomez's son is still in the U.S. Navy, having served in combat during the war. The brother and seventeen close relatives of Miss Elizondo served int he armed forces of this country during World War II. All three women have records of unquestioned calibre [caliber] of patriotism to the country to the country of their birth in the United States of America. They were deeply hurt by this discrimination and we feel that they deserve at least an apology.&#13;
&#13;
The action of this person discriminating against these three women is contrary to the principles on which our country was founded. Such acts of discrimination cause all good Americans to hang their heads in shame. As loyal Americans we feel it our bounden duty to see that discrimination such as this is given all possible attention to the end that this disgraceful blight on our way of life be eliminated once and for all.&#13;
&#13;
(Signed)&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Henry B. Gonzalez, Executive Secretary&#13;
Junior Deputy Organization&#13;
&#13;
Dr. John. L. McMahon, President&#13;
Our Lady of the Lake College&#13;
&#13;
Miss Frances Smith, Dean of Girls&#13;
Thomas Jefferson High School&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Andrew Rivera, Vice President&#13;
National Bank of Commerce&#13;
&#13;
Reverend Paul J. Ehlinger, Director&#13;
Catholic Welfare Bureau&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Alonso S. Perales, Attorney&#13;
&#13;
Miss Alice Des Marais, Director&#13;
Social Service Department , Santa Rosa Hospital&#13;
&#13;
Miss Mary Piña, School Teacher&#13;
Bowie School&#13;
&#13;
Mrs. Terrell Bartlett, President&#13;
Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women&#13;
&#13;
Miss Christine Carvajal, School teacher&#13;
Ruiz School&#13;
&#13;
Reverend John M. Hayes, Professor of Religion&#13;
Incarnate Word College&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Juan L. Hidalgo, Men's Field Worker&#13;
Bishops' Committee for the Spanish Speaking&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Richard S. O'Connor, Director&#13;
Graduate School of Social Science&#13;
Our Lady of the Lake College&#13;
&#13;
cc: The Texas Good Neighbor Commission, Austin, Texas&#13;
&#13;
cc: Dr. George I. Sanchez, University of Texas Austin, Texas&#13;
&#13;
cc: Dr. Carlos E. Castañeda, University of Texas, Austin, Texas&#13;
&#13;
cc: New Braunfels Herald&#13;
&#13;
cc: Alamo Register&#13;
&#13;
cc: La Prensa&#13;
&#13;
cc: La Voz&#13;
&#13;
cc: Southern Messenger&#13;
&#13;
cc: San Antonio Ministerial Alliance&#13;
&#13;
cc: San Antonio Chamber of Commerce &#13;
&#13;
cc: Mexican Chamber of Commerce&#13;
&#13;
cc: New Braunfels Business and Professional Women's Club&#13;
 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="60">
        <name>Archdiocese of San Antonio, Texas</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="11">
        <name>Cartas</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="15">
        <name>Discriminación racial</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="141">
        <name>Discriminación racial - establecimientos públicos</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>Discrimination</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="61">
        <name>Lay Council for the Spanish Speaking</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="231">
        <name>Manifestaciones y movimientos sociales</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="237">
        <name>Our Lady of the Lake College</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
