111
10
1713
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Angela de Hoyos Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
ACTIVISTS
MEXICAN Americans
PROTESTS and social movements
SPANISH Language
WRITTEN Communication
UNITED States--Texas--Colorado
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
de Hoyos, Angela
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Angela de Hoyos Collection
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright Arte Público Press
Language
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Spanish
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Text
Contributor
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de Hoyos, Angela
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Siete veces el sueño
Subject
The topic of the resource
LATINO Americans
Description
An account of the resource
Collection of short stories
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ramos, Luis Arturo
Publisher
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MandA
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1974
Format
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jpg
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HOYO_TL10
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Ángela de Hoyos Collection
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/10/1927/HOYO0080.jpg
330d14cce598088f76d7574202666c3b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Angela de Hoyos Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
ACTIVISTS
MEXICAN Americans
PROTESTS and social movements
SPANISH Language
WRITTEN Communication
UNITED States--Texas--Colorado
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
de Hoyos, Angela
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Source
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Angela de Hoyos Collection
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Text
Contributor
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de Hoyos, Angela
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Sombrero note
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Raymond Herbert, sombrero
Description
An account of the resource
handwritten note, chief of police, sombrero records related
Type
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text
jpg
Identifier
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HOYO0080
Source
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document
Language
A language of the resource
Rnglish
Publisher
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Sombrero Records
Rights
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Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/191/pera0067.jpg
eb08c427baa8804c7022f637e5855e8e
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/191/pera0067_001.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To Hon. Alonzo S. Perales, From George Reid, Sociedad Mutualista Mexicana, Feb. 16, 1941.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Reid, George
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1941-02-16
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. R, p031-032. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
MINING camps--West (U.S.)
DISCRIMINATION in Medical Care - Race discrimination in Medical Care
HOSPITALS--Prospective payment--Corrupt practices--United States
MEXICANS
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0067
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Description
An account of the resource
Letter to Alonso Perales from George Reid, an American Baptist preacher from Fort Worth Texas. He begins the letter regarding the situations taking place at the mining camp in Malakoff Texas. Doctors were charging high prices and ordering unnecessary procedures to take care of the Mexicans who were sick. These Mexican individuals and families were forced to pay or “risk death of their sick”. He would like to begin the process of organizing a “chain of hospitals and clinics all over Texas in the way of cooperative medicine”. The Baptist Hospital in Fort Worth, Texas is available with all equipment for $50,000. Mr. Reid mentions ways to raise money by way of donations. Mr. Reid writes that “the movement out to start from the initiative of the Mexicans themselves”, and that “it should be run by Mexicans for Mexicans”.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
FORT Worth (Tex.)
MALAKOFF (Tex.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
Estimable Hon. Perales;
Due to a system of help herein the mining camp at Malakoff, Texas whereby the Mexicans pooled their money to take care of the sickness in the camp; it seems that the American doctors, upon whom they called, took advantage of a large amount of money in the fund and ordered unnecessary operations and at prices whichcontinually kept the funds depleted and which seemed to be much higher than others had to pay on the average. Being Mexicans, there was no way they could help it, except pay the demands rather than risk the death of their sick.
Now the work has almost stopped here, because the company which had used the fuel has switched to gas, and almost all the Mexicans are gone. However, there are some still here, and we have talked a little about starting, or seeing about starting, a state-wide movement for medical insurance among the Mexicans and set up Mexican institutions to care for their sick.
As we have never had any experience in any such a movement we need some advice; and knowing by your articles in “La Prensa” that you are fighting for justice for your people, we felts sure that you would be glad to advise us free of charge. Also, we felt that if you should find such a movement possible, you might lend us the support of your influence and leadership in getting it established on a sound basis.
Here are some facts which may help you in considering the possibility of the movement: The Baptist Hospital in Fort Worth, Texas, with all its equipment is for sale for $50,000. It has been vacant for a period of two years, though its equipment was up-to-date- the last time it was in use. Of course, we understand that in an unorganized and uninformed state there is no possibility in raising the money. We thought we could organize and inform the people by means of letters including enough money to correspond with others. They in turn could be asked to enclose money so that in a little while many centers could be informed with the minimum of expense upon the shoulders of any one person.
You see that unless there are other complications which we do not now see, a little money could be collected from a fraction of the Mexican population of Texas, and it would be enough to seing the deal for the hospital and set it in operation.
If you want to learn more about this particular hospital, you may write Dr. Scarborough. I have already talked to the business manager of the Baptist Seminary there who also takes care of the hospital and he wanted me to see Dr. Scarborough, but we think
Perhaps you could handle the situation in a way more satisfactory to all. As this is no attempt to sell the Baptist Hospital, any other approach could be made by any other means which may see advisable.
I suppose by now you are wondering who is the author of this letter. I am an American Baptist preacher who comes from the Seminary at Fort Worth every week end to preach to the people here. It struck me as deplorable that the Mexicans can not get a square deal when it comes to medical aid particularly. I believe the only way they can ever get a square deal is to organize a chain of hospitals and clinics all over Texas in the way of cooperative medicine. You are, perhaps, well acquainted with the English system of cooperative medicine before this war started. I believe that, roughly, [that???? To be – handwritten] something of the nature of the movement here.
I, too, as well as you, have the interest of racial understanding at heart; and I do not wish to try to stir up any more strife. I just think that if the Mexicans could be organized thus in a quiet way to care for their own sick, itcould be an avenue of influence by which they could gain the respect of American citizens in all walks of life.
My business is to preach the Gospel, and I do not feel that I ought, in the first place, to spend my time in purely social efforts, although I realize that my work ought to be thoroughly filled with the Christian social emphasis. In the second place, I think that the movement ought to start from the initiative of the Mexicans themselves, so that it would have their confidence at the outset. I believe that all the organization should be run by Mexicans and for Mexicans. I am quite confident that they are fully competent to do everything necessary.
If I have not properly represented the Mexican interests, and it is entirely possible that such is the case, you may write to Jesus Garcia, Malakoff, Texas. He is the Secretary of the Society mentioned on tis stationery. In case you would like to know more about what I have in mind than I have been able to tell here, you may write me at 4713 Stanley Street, Fort Worth, Texas.
With best wishes for you and your high ideals for all the American peoples, I am
Very Sincerely yours,
George Reid.
Campamentos Mineros--Oeste (U.S.)
Cartas
Cooperative Medicine
Discriminación en el cuidado médico - Discriminación racial en el ciudado médico
Hospitales--Pago Prospectivo--Prácticas Corruptas--Estados Unidos
Mexicanos
Perales, Alonso S.
Reid, George
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/10/1832/HOYO0934.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Angela de Hoyos Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
ACTIVISTS
MEXICAN Americans
PROTESTS and social movements
SPANISH Language
WRITTEN Communication
UNITED States--Texas--Colorado
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
de Hoyos, Angela
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Angela de Hoyos Collection
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Text
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
de Hoyos, Angela
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Angela de Hoyos retrato/portrait
Subject
The topic of the resource
ACTIVISTS
MEXICAN Americans
HISPANIC Americans
Description
An account of the resource
Retrato de Angela de Hoyos por Al Rendón para el artículo "Poeta chicana de dos mundos" de Melanie Young.
Portrait of Ángela de Hoyos by Al Rendón for the article, "Chicana Poet of Two Worlds" by Melanie Young.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rendón, Al
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
San Antonio Express News
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
San Antonio Express News
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994-10-02
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
13x11cm
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Identifier
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HOYO0934
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/198/pera0065.jpg
4bb8be6cd7bbc894e900436ab6ee7a92
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10c858990485f103ed78eafb080f3899
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To Alonzo [Alonso] S. Perales, From Carlos Reyes B., Abril 28 de 1943.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Reyes B., Carlos
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-04-28
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. R, p037-038. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
MEXICANS
DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans
LAW
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0065
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
GOLIAD (Tex.)
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
BERCLAIR (Tex.)
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Carlos Reyes B. to Alonso S. Perales regarding the need for an anti-discrimination law to protect people of Mexican descent.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
Berclair, Texas [From]
Abril 28 de 1943
Sr. Lic.Alonso S. Perales, [To]
San Antonio, Texas,
Estimado Sr.[abbreviation: señor] Lic. [abbreviation: licenciado]:-
Sin ninguna suya aqué referirme le dirijo la presente con el único objeto de ponerle en conocimiento los pasos que estoy dando para ver si es posible acabar con la descriminacion de que somos objeto en Goliad, Texas, los Mexicacnos. Le adjunto copia de las Comunicaciones que dirijí al County Attorney de Goliad y al General Attorney of the State, asi como tambien la copia de la contestacion que me dio el Attorney General.
Segun se desprende de las mismas comunicaciones lo único que he puesto en claro, es que los dos attorneys se declaran sin jurisdiccion en el asunto, es decir que conforme a la ley está perfectamente comprobado y legal el tratamiento que se nos dá y que no hay mas remedio que aguantar las vergűenzas que nos hacen sufrir en los establecimientos donde los que los regentean se quieren dar el lujo de descriminarnos con decirmos “aqui no servimos a los Mexicanos.”
He venido siguiendo muy de serca los pasos que Ud.ha dado en este mismo asunto de tratar de ponerle un hasta aqui a la descriminacion, y he visto las comunicaciones dirijidas por Ud.tanto al Sub Sec. de Estado Mr. Welles como a la Sec. de Relaciones Ext. de Mexico, tambien meha enterado de las contestaciones que le han dado las que no han sido satisfactorias segun mi modo de pensar, porque tanto uno como otro se salen por la tangente con cortecias sin querer poner el dedo en la llaga. Estas cortecias nos estan costando muy caro y si en los actuals momentos que vivimos no consequimos que se suprima este odioso proceder, Sr. Lic.nunca lo vamos a conseguir, por lo que en mi torpe manera de pensar creo que lo que debemos hacer es enfocar todas los elementos que para este caso se requieran, presentando un frente solido, sin desviarnos del punto de vista y por medio de una accion conjunta de toda la Colonia Mexicana residente en Texas, sin distinction de Ciudadania puesto que los Mexicanos nacidos en Texas reciben el mismo tratamiento que los existentes y las que se lleguen a formar, para formar la union que nos debe llevar al triunfo.
[page 2]
Sr.Lic.Perales,
Quiero ser lo mas explicito que me sea posible, y por lo mismo mi sugestion anterior es solamente lo que yo pienso que se pueda hacer en este asunto, y por supuesto que si Ud. tiene otra major, bien venida sea, todo lo que yo aspire y mis campañeros que me siguen en Goliad bajo la reciente organizacion que se esta formando con el nombre de “Padres de Familia Lation-Americanos con hijos en el Ejercito de los U.S.” el nombre de la organizacion es largo; pero no hay otro medio de acortar su nombre que alcance la denominacion complete. Ahorita todavia la Organizacion no toma participacion en manera alguna para protestar por el tratamientoque se nos da, hasta en tanto no logremos obtener un paso en firme para no fracasar, por lo que el trabajo que yo estoy desarrollando es solamente de exploracion de terreno que vamos a pisar, y una vez obtenido el plan de accion entonces si todas estamos dispuestos a contribuir con nuestro grano de arena para al canzar el triunfo.
No será solamente en Goliad donde habrá un grupo congregado bajo la denominacion arriba expresado, sino que en todos los lugares que me sea posible organizer, lo voy a hacer, hasta ahorita solamente he buscado alianza con “Los Hijos de America” en seguida trataremos de conseguirla de los LULACS y en fin de todas aquellas que luchen por el mismo fin.
Le suplico estudie mi plan y si cree factible mi idea en mucho estimaré toda insinuacion que a bien tenga hacerme y manos a la obra. En este mismo sentido me dirijo al Dr. Castillo Najera, quien por una casualidad es mi paisano, y le suplico a él igualmente que nos preste ayuda con su valiosa influencia, para que no se nos siga dando atole con el dedo, ya no queremos cortecias, queremos accion, hechos que justifiquen la “politica del buen vecino”.
Antes de terminar quiero manifestarle que Ud. no es un desconocido para mi, y aunque no he tenido el placer de saludarlo, espero hacerlo en la primer oportunidad que se me presente, Jose Ma.Villarreal que es o fué cuñado suyo, es tio de mi esposa, y sabiendo que Arturo hijo de Jose Ma. Esta con Ud. sirvase saludarlo, tampoco lo conosco, porque una vez que él vino a ver Jose Ma.cuando éste estaba sembrando conmigo, yo no estaba en el rancho y no lo ví, pero lo reconosco como primo de mi esposa.
Hecha la anterior manifestaction restame solamente ofrecerme a sus ordines y mandar cuanto guste a su.
Aftmo.[abbreviation: afectísimo] Atto [abbreviation: atento] .S.S. [abbreviation: seguro servidor] ,
Carlos Reyes B. [Handwritten]
Cartas
Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos
Ley
Mexicanos
Perales, Alonso S.
-
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http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4884/pera0469_page-0004.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Discrimination in employment
Race discrimination--public establishments
Race discrimination--restaurants;
Segregation in education
Discrimination in housing
Race discrimination in medical care
Veteran
Police brutality
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections.
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927-1952
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved.
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a>
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0000
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.
Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos.
Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
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pera0469
Title
A name given to the resource
To Alonso S. Perales, From Jose M. Reyes, Francisco Cardoza, Ygnacio Vardosa, Bacilio Arenas, Jesus Arelado, Andres Ermosillo, Benito Velasquez, Acension Rodriguez, March 22, 1944
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-03-22
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Race discrimination in education
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from parents in Mitchell County, Texas to Alonso S. Perales regarding the racial discrimination and physical violence their children face in school and requesting his assistance.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Reyes, Jose M.
Cardoza, Francisco
Vardosa, Ygnacio
Arenas, Bacilio
Arelado, Jesus
Ermosillo, Andres
Velasquez, Benito
Rodriguez, Acension
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960.
Relation
A related resource
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Mitchell County (Tex.)
Format
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JPG
Rights
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Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Cartas
Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos
Discriminación en la educación
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/5/2296/Letter_to_Leonor_Villegas_from_General_B.jpg
ebd3174992dc67377ea7d46d006e1869
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Leonor Villegas de Magnón
Subject
The topic of the resource
SPANISH Language
MEXICANS
WOMEN Revolutionaries
MEXICAN Revolution
MEXICAN American women in literature
Creator
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Villegas de Magnón, Leonor
Source
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Leonor Villegas de Magnón Collection
Rights
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Copyright Arte Público Press
Format
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JPEG
Language
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Spanish
Type
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Text
Still Image
Coverage
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U. S Mexican Border
Laredo, Texas
Relation
A related resource
Twitterbot:<br /><br /><a href="https://twitter.com/whoisleonorvil1">Who is Leonor Villegas de Magnon Twitter Bot</a>
Contributor
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Villegas de Magnón, Leonor
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Letter to Leonor Villegas de Magnón from General Alfredo Ricaut
Subject
The topic of the resource
MEXICAN Revolution
WOMEN Revolutionaries
NURSES
Description
An account of the resource
Letter to Leonor Villegas de Magnón from General Alfredo Ricaut
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ricaut, Alfredo
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Leonor Villegas de Magnón Collection
Publisher
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Arte Público Press
Date
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1914-11-03
Format
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JPEG
Language
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Spanish
Type
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Text
Coverage
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NUEVO Laredo (Mexico)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
activistas
activists
Cruz Blanca, La
Feminism
Feminismo
first-hand account
HISPANIC Americans
Hispanoamericanos
Historia de Tejas
Latinas
Latinas, Mexican Revolution
Mexican Revolution
Mexicoamericanos
Nurses
Ricaut, Alfredo
TEXAS
Villegas de Magnón, Leonor
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/12/pera0092.jpg
4138f5ac640d5aee0d29731e19bb119c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
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Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
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JPEG
Type
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Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
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paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Affidavit sworn by Frank E. Riley to Alonso S. Perales
Description
An account of the resource
Affidavit sworn by Frank E. Riley that states that he and his wife were told to leave the Ray Theater in Hondo, Texas because of their Latin American heritage.
Creator
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Riley, Frank E.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
<span>Perales, Alonso S. </span><em>Are We Good Neighbors? </em><span>1948. </span><span>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</span>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1946-08-20
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
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JPEG
Language
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English
Type
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Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0092
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
HONDO (Tex.)
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
AFFIDAVITS
DISCRIMINATION
DISCRIMINATION against Latin Americans
MILITARY
MILITARY Personnel
RACE discrimination - public establishments
MILITARY
Relation
A related resource
Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." <a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://arcg.is/1C1bbv</a>.
Rights
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Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
COUNTY OF BEXAR
BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority in and for said County, State of Texas, this day personally came and appeared Frank E. Riley, to me well known, and who, after being by me duly sworn, did depose and say:
My name is Frank E. Riley. I am 30 years of age and married. I am a member of the United States Air Force, and am stationed at San Antonio Military Basic Training Center, San Antonio, Texas. I have served 15 months in the U.S. Navy. I was born in Guatemala, Central America.
About 15 days ago my wife and I went into the Ray Theater at Hondo, Texas, and sat down. My wife was born in Guatemala, Central American, also. We had occupied our seats about three minutes when one of the ushers came and told us that because we were Latin Americans we would have to leave the theater, as Latin Americans were not admitted to said theater. I asked for an explanation and the usher said that I had better leave if I did not want to get into a difficulty. My wife and I thereupon got up and left. While going thru the vestibule or lobby of the theater I again demanded an explanation and the usher then said that he was not in a position to give me an explanation, as he had orders from the manager to do this. I was wearing the United States Army uniform at the time. I explained to the usher that my wife and I were Latin Americans from Guatemala, Central America, and he said that did not make any difference because we were still Latin Americans. This happened in the afternoon. That same day I went to the Hondo Chamber of Commerce. I spoke with the Manager and he explained to me that it was customary in Hondo not to admit LatinAmericans to theaters, drug stores, restaurants, and other public places. The name of the Manager is Allan Webster.
I then went and reported the incident to my Commanding Officer at the Military Basic Training Center, San Antonio, Texas.
My father, the late Harry Joseph Riley, a native of Hartsville, Mo. was Consul General of the United States of America in Central America for twenty seven years.
Further Affiant sayeth not.
[signed] Frank E. Riley.
Sworn and subscribed to before me this 20th day of August, A.D. 1946.
[signed] Alonso S. Perales
Notary Public, Bexar County, Texas
Declaración jurada
Discriminación
Discriminación contra Latinos
Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos
Militar
Military training camps
Personal Militar
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/284/pera0016.jpg
0fd5a3cb914f7e7374d6c908105ab6b1
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136ee143fc501292262666b94130b370
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
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Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
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Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
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Arte Público Press
Language
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Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To Sr. Lic A. L. Perales, From Fernando Riojas Garcia, Junio 2, 1945
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. G, 038-039. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-06-02
Format
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JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0016
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Riojas Garcia, Fernando
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
DISCRIMINATION
DISCRIMINATION against Latin Americans
DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans
ETHNIC discrimination
HISPANIC Americans
LATINO Americans
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Fernando Riojas García to Alonso S. Perales regarding the defeat of anti-discriminatory state bill proposed by Senator J. Franklin Spears and the need to focus on an alliance of Latinos.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
[underlined] DISCRIMINATION
San Antonio Tex. Junio 2-1945
Sr. Lic. A.L. Perales
843 Stewart Hotels
San Francisco Col.
Muy Estimado Sr. y Amigo:
Es con motivo del fracaso del proyecto de Ley Spears, que me permito participarle de algunas consideraciones con tendencia a fortalecer su vigor en esta contienda, a fin de que prosiga su labor, en la demanda por lograr que se establezcan las prácticas justas de sentes y humanos, sobrelos [sobre los] cuales debe en cansarse el Nuevo Orden, y fundamentarse los Cuatro o mas Libertades que se han [illegible: ocuido] invocando, y con las que se logró unificar el criterio de América toda y al fin, vencidos los [illegible: conculcodores] y enemigos de los mismos libertados [liberados].
Pronto en EEUU[illegible] al contrincante tero de los ojos oblicuos , enemigo No. 2: de la PAZ Y CONCORDIA; y el enemigo No. 3 que ya satura el ambiente que Uds respiran en osa congregación; ¿–acabará por en-rrarecer [enrarecer] esa admosfera [atmósfera] envenenaudo [envenenado] la personalidad fra-terna [fraterna] consiguiendo que se disuelva sin fundamentar nada? tal parece que así puede sucedér [suceder]; pues ni al Soviet ni la per-fida [perfida] Albión, les con viene [conviene] adentro de mucho y, de seguro evadiran compromisos para el porvenir. Presumiendo que por éstas o aquellas razones, las Naciones en esa congrega-das [congregadas] no elavoren [elaboren] el Código propuesto, y no engendren el super-gobierno que deba regir el futuro del Mundo; la so-lidaridad [solidaridad] de America si debe quedar consolidada y, la voz de ésta, por conducto de Ud y el Sr. Padilla, debe producir sus versos de admonicion y de Combate; de Con-denación [condenación] para los que re suelten convictos de felonía por dilatar, entorpecer y tal vez frustrar, la realización y ejecución de los mandamientos que [illegible: cansioio] la mente del gran Rosevelt [Roosevelt].
[page 2]
Sr. L. AS. Perales #2 { 6/2/45
Ya Ud. ve, con motivo del proyecto Spears de Ley anti-discriminatoria , como a medida que se consigue irangiqui-lando [ir aniquilando] al enemigo de las libertades, es está fortalesiendo [fortaleciendo] el enemi-go [enemigo] del Derecho individual, <diriamos Latino-Americano>
En fin, si se propone al fin del principio para el cual, todos los Representatntes fuern congregados; todo se habra perdido: (de todo corazón desearía equivocarme): de la misma manera, desearia que Uds dejaran alguna constancia y de que, con motivo de haber sido desechado el proyecto de Ley Spears; Uds pronunciaran su veredicto de inconformidad en alguna ma-nera [manera, y, en desagravio y á nombre de todos los desapareci-dos [desaparecidos] de origen Latino que han quedado a la vera, del Sende-ro [Sendero] que les indicó el Deber: debemos de hacer algo, y si has-ta [hasta] se nos murió el MOISES que nos pudo haver condu-cido [conducido] a la tierra prometida; si en San Francisco California no se puede encontrar la fórmula para vivir en paz y Con-cordia [Concordia], y, si finalmente no se logra considerarse Ciudadano del Mundo, si los prejuicios estan por recibir respaldo oficial y, al Hispano-Americano no se le acredita ciento por ciento C. de E.E.UU. entonces, .......... concentremosnos en el ideal de, Confederacion Latino-Americana y, esforemosnos por su realizacion. Lo saluda y desea por pronto su
Atto SSS y Amigo
[signed] Fernando Riojas García
712 Guadalupe St.
San Antonio Tex. Junio 2/ 1945
Cartas
Discriminación
Discriminación contra Latinos
Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos
Discriminación étnica
Hispanoamericanos
L.U.L.A.C.
Latinoamericanos
Liga de Ciudadanos Latinoamericanos Unida
Perales, Alonso S.
Roxas Garcia, Fernando
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4885/pera0470_page-0001.jpg
01065eaffbfced136a70edcb7daeaeb9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Discrimination in employment
Race discrimination--public establishments
Race discrimination--restaurants;
Segregation in education
Discrimination in housing
Race discrimination in medical care
Veteran
Police brutality
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections.
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927-1952
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved.
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a>
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0000
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.
Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos.
Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas.
Dublin Core
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Identifier
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pera0470
Title
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To Alonso S. Perales, From R. Riojas, C. Comerciante, February 16, 1944
Date
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1944-02-16
Subject
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Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Race discrimination--public establishments
Discrimination in public accommodations
Mexican Americans--Segregation
Race discrimination in Education
Description
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Letter from R. Riojas to Alonso S. Perales regarding the segregation children of Mexican descent face in public schools and the instances in which Mexican Americans were denied access to the community center and library because of their race.
Creator
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Riojas, R.
Source
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Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960.
Relation
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Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
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Spanish
Type
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Text
Coverage
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Melvin (Tex.)
Format
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JPG
Rights
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Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Cartas
Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos
Discriminación en lugares públicos
Discriminación racial en la educación
Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos
Mexicanoamericanos--Segregación
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960