149
10
1713
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4831/pera0258_page-0001.jpg
29dbe0e985d38cb108b782cd061c378b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Discrimination in employment
Race discrimination--public establishments
Race discrimination--restaurants;
Segregation in education
Discrimination in housing
Race discrimination in medical care
Veteran
Police brutality
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections.
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927-1952
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved.
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a>
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0000
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.
Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos.
Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0258
Title
A name given to the resource
To [Alonso S. Perales], San Antonio, Texas, From, Luis Cassilas, McCamey, Texas, April 25, 1944
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-04-25
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Race discrimination--public establishments
Race discrimination-- restaurants
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Luis Cassilas to [Alonso S. Perales] asking him to send someone to investigate Club Cafe and the barbershop where he was discriminated against for being of Mexican descent, after being ignored by the sheriff.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cassilas, Luis
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960.
Relation
A related resource
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
McCamey (Tex.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Cartas
Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos
Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos
Discriminación racial--restaurantes
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4899/pera0485_page-0001.jpg
15bb471d7996c81bfed11202440f314b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Discrimination in employment
Race discrimination--public establishments
Race discrimination--restaurants;
Segregation in education
Discrimination in housing
Race discrimination in medical care
Veteran
Police brutality
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections.
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927-1952
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved.
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a>
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0000
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.
Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos.
Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0485
Title
A name given to the resource
To [Cerveceria Cuauhtémoc], From Joe Hopkins, June 10th, 1946
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1946-06-10
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Race discrimination--public establishments
Race discrimination--restaurants
Description
An account of the resource
Copy of a letter from Joe Hopkins to Cerveceria Cuauhtémoc, informing the Mexican brewing company that a restaurant in Texas they sell beer to discriminates against people of Mexican descent.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hopkins, Joe
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960.
Relation
A related resource
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
"To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, From Joe Hopkins, June 11, 1946." Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Jackson, J. E..January 13,
1927. Page: 040 http://ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=h6b&
AN=76141928&site=ehost-live&ppid=divp40
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Fort Worth (Tex.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Cartas
Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos
Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos
Discriminación racial--restaurantes
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
-
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9a8f239ec1d0732717295d6c593d1b69
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/182/pera0069_001.jpg
7b76ba730e42235aa1417edae3d228b1
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beb5895b93b0141209bca352a4271103
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To [Honorable Board of Trustees, San Antonio Independent School District], From [President, Council No, 16 of the League of United Latin-American Citizens, Chairman, Committee on Public Schools.]
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Missing
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: LULAC & Sons of America: General Organizational Documents. Council #16, 1927-1949, p044-047. 4p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
PETITIONS
HISPANIC Americans--education
EDUCATION--Children
MEXICAN Americans--Education
DISCRIMINATION in education
RACE discrimination in education
RACE discrimination
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0069
Relation
A related resource
Darder, A., & Torres, R. D. (1997). Eleuterio Escobar. In Latinos and education: A critical reader (pp. 401-404). London, England: Routledge.<br /><br />EDUCATIONAL STRUGGLES DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION<br /><br /><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cMosvilEmwIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=escobR&f=false" title="EDUCATIONAL STRUGGLES DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION">https://books.google.com/books?id=cMosvilEmwIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=escobR&f=false</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Description
An account of the resource
Reseach completed by the President of L.U.L.A.C council 16 and the Chairman for the Committee on Public School Buildings and Playgrounds. Information highlights "gross discrimination of students in the western part of the city" and the need for new school buildings in the area.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1934]
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
Please return to Perales [Handwritten]
To the Honorable Board of Trustees,
San Antonio Independent School District
San Antonio, Texas.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN:
Your Petitioner, Council No. 16 of the League of United Latin-American Citizens, is an organization composed of citizens of the United States of Latin-American extraction. The principal aims and purposes of this organization is to develop within the members of our race the best, purest and most perfect type of a true and loyal citizen of the United States of American, and to eradicate from our body politic all intents and tendencies to establish discriminations among our fellow-citizens on account of race, religion or social position as being contrary to the true spirit of Democracy, our Constitution and Laws. This Council, being mindful of our responsibility for the education of our children, has an active and efficient Committee of Public School Buildings and Playgrounds, which Committee, after a careful review of the records of the San Antonio Independent School District, has verified the facts and reports that the children attending the schools in the Western section of this city have been the object of gross discrimination, and this Council deems it pertinent to invite the Honorable School Board’s attention to the facts as revealed by your records, which show the following:
Ther There are 12,334 pupils attending 11 schools in the Western district, which, for the purpose of identification, we will refer to as Western schools, which are as follows: Margil, Johnson, Navarro, Bowie, Crockett, J. Brackenridge, Barclay, Hood, Ivanhoe, Briscoe and Austin. These schools have a total of 269 rooms. The capacity of each room is 35 pupils. The total capacity of the 269 rooms is 9415 pupils and since the present attendance is 12,334 pupils, it is patent that there is an excel of 2919 pupils and from these figures it is evident that at least 84 more rooms are needed to accommodate the present excess number of pupils in these schools.
Our survey further discloses the following facts by way of comparison with 28 other elementary schools in the city: in these 28 schools there are now in use 368 rooms with a total belongings of 12,224 students and a capacity of 12,880 students based on 35 students per room. The number of pupils in each room of the said 28 schools is 33.21 as compared with 45.85 in each room of the said 11 Western schools.
--page 2—
Our survey further discloses that the amount of money now being spent per pupil attending the above mentioned 11 Western schools is $24.50 direct cost as compared with $35.96 being spent per pupil attending the remaining 28 elementary schools. In other words, each pupil attending the 28 other elementary schools in receiving $11.46 more in the way of direct expenditure than each pupil attending the 11 Western schools.
The total investment in buildings and grounds in the 28 other schools is $2,470,628.43. The total investment in buildings and grounds in the said 11 Western schools is $1,350,959.38, which reduced to percentages indicates that 65% of the total investment applies to the 28 schools serving 12,224 pupils, whereas 35% of the total investment applies to the said 11 Western schools serving 12,334 pupils.
The survey further indicates that there are 81.74 acres of grounds in the 38 other schools serving 12,224 students, as compared with 23.9 acres in the said 11 Western schools serving 12,334 pupils.
Information furnished by your organization reveals that the total cost of operating the 11 Western schools for the year 1932 to 1933 was $302,233.98. The latest school census reveals that there are 21,822 children of scholastic age in the district comprised of these 11 Western schools and therefore $16.00 per capita received by the San Antonio Independent School District from the State amounted to approximately $349,152.00, which is an amount greater than the total operating expenses for these schools. In other words, the San Antonio Independent School District received from the State of Texas, on account of the pupils in this district, an amount greater than that spent for their benefit and this money paid by the State for their benefit was actually used for the benefit of the remaining schools of this city. Of course, this does not take into consideration the funds derived from the local tax upon the property located in this district, the assessed valuation of which is estimated at approximately forty-five millions of dollars.
Believing that this Honorable Board is desirous, in good faith, of carrying out the mandates of the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution and Laws of Texas, guaranteeing to every student attending our schools equal school facilities irrespective of race, we respectfully request that the 84 additional rooms needed to accommodate the children attending these 11 Western schools be provided without further delay, and it is our earnest request that these 84 rooms take the form of six new, substantial and permanent school buildings, including
--3—
one Junior High School to take care of over 1500 fifth grade students which who will necessarily have to go to Junior High School from the said 11 Western schools in February, 1935. The said six schools to be ready for occupancy by September of this year.
Your Petitioner feels that this Honorable Board can devise ways and means of financing the construction of these buildings if it will not only resolve so to do.
For illustration, your Petition er is reliably informed that the school budget for this fiscal year for general operation of all branches is $1,747,000.00; that $883,000.00 of this amount is derived from the 66 cents local tax and $864,000.00 is received from the State. Your Petitioner is further informed that the school tax rate for the current year (June 1, 1933 to May 31, 1934) is $1.00 upon each $100.00 assessed valuation, and that this is divided as follows:
Interest and sinking fund to retire School Bonds .34
General operation of all branches and Schools .66
$1.00
And that the 66 cents for operation of Schools is divided as follows:
Instruction proper (teachers) .46
Maintenance of buildings and equipment, insurance,
Pupils’ health service and general administration .18
Interest on money borrowed for running expenses .02
.66
In this connection, your Petitioner respectfully suggests to your Honorable Board that the .46 ȼ which the Board contemplates spending in instruction be spent in the construction of the much needed buildings for the Western District.
[Handwritten - Available as well as other funds].
Furthermore, this Committee is informed through the local press that the Honorable School Board will
[Handwritten - and doubles at least a portion of this surplus could and should be used]
have in the very near future a surplus of nearly one-half million dollars, and that it is contemplating using this money to increase the teachers’ salaries. While this Committee is in entire accord that a staff of well paid teachers is essential to the operation of an efficient school system, it cannot help but feel that uppermost in the mind of any school board should be the duty of first providing adequate school facilities for ALL the children of the district. Particularly so when, as in the present case, money that should have been spent upon adequate school facilities for the children of the said 11 Western schools has in truth been spent for the benefit of children belonging to the other 28 schools above mentioned.
--4—
Your petitioner is aware that under the laws of Texas, the state and county available funds shall be used exclusively for the payment of teachers and superintendents’ salaries, fees for taking the scholastic census, and interest on money borrowed on short time to pay salaries of teachers and superintendents, when these salaries become due before the school funds for the current year become available; but your Petitioner is likewise aware that local school funds from district takes may be used for buying school sites, buying buildings and repairing and renting school houses, and that when the State available school fund in any city or district is sufficient to maintain the schools thereof in any year for at least eight months and leave a surplus, such surplus may likewise be expended for buying sites and building school houses.
In fine, your petitioner earnestly insists that these 11 Western schools have ample resources of their own (derived from the State, County and local funds) adequately to operate and maintain themselves and to provide adequate facilities if only this Honorable Board would refrain from depriving the said Western District of the money that lawfully and equitably belong to these pupil, by spending the same upon schools situated in other sections of the city.
Your petitioner prays that this Honorable Board grant a hearing of this petition in order that petitioner may be given an opportunity to present the detailed and specific facts in support of the conclusions hereinbefore stated and that the much needed facilities prayed for herein be granted.
Respectfully submitted,
______________________________________
President, Council No.16 of the
League of United Latin-American Citizens.
______________________________________
Chairman, Committee on Public Schol
Buildings and Playgrounds.
Cartas
Discriminación en la educación
Discriminación racial
Discriminación racial en la educación
Hispanoamericanos
L.U.L.A.C.
Mexicoamericanos
Mexicoamericanos -- Educación
Peticiones
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/209/pera0060.jpg
9b0698e19514dc42e31c2cb70281ab3b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To [Missing], Honorable Board of Education, Pleasanton Independent school District, From Alonso S. Perales, Oct. 10th, 1946.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1946-10-10
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: Law Practice: Cases & Contracts, c. 1918-1960. Cases L-R, p164-164. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0060
Relation
A related resource
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Alonso S. Perales to the Pleasanton Independent School District, Board of Education regarding segregation of Latin American children from the Anglo American children from grades up to sixth grade.
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
SEGREGATION in education.
LATIN Americans
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
SCHOOL board members
SCHOOL districts--Texas
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
PLEASANTON (Tex.)
AUSTIN (Tex.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
Oct. 10th 1946.
Honorable Board of Education,
Pleasanton Independent School District,
Pleasanton, Texas.
Gentlemen:
Kindly let us have a reply t our letter of September 24, 1946, regarding the segregation of the Latin American children from the Anglo-American children up to and including the sixth grade in the public schools of your District. If we do not hear from you by Monday, October 14th, 1946, we shall assume that you are not willing to grant to the protesting patrons of your School District the relief which they seek, and we shall immediately take the matter up with the State Superintendent of Public Instruction of Austin, Texas.
Respectfully,
Alonso S. Perales
Cartas
Distrito Escolar--Texas
Latinoamericanos
Miembros de la Junta Escolar
Perales, Alonso S.
Pleasanton Independent School District
Segregación en la educación
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/208/pera0061.jpg
1bcdd485233a52b55abda85b2b91d8f7
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To [Missing], Honorable Pleasanton Board of Education, Pleasanton, Independent School District, From Alonso S. Perales, Sept, 24, 1946.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1946-09-24
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: Law Practice: Cases & Contracts, c. 1918-1960. Cases L-R, p167-167. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0061
Relation
A related resource
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
PLEASANTON (Tex.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
SCHOOL districts--Texas
SEGREGATION in education.
LATIN Americans
PROTESTS and social movements
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Alonso S. Perales to the Honorable Board of Education, Pleasanton Independent School District protesting the segregation of the Latin American Children from the Anglo American Children in school.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
Sept. 24, 1946. [Handwritten – Date]
Honorable Board of Education,
Pleasanton Independent School District,
Pleasanton, Texas.
Gentlemen:
We are enclosing herewith an application signed by patrons of your School District. It speaks for itself. Their protest against the segregation of the Latin American children from the Anglo-American children up to and including the sixth grade seems to be well founded and very reasonable. We believe that the tendency of our school system should be to unite our citizenry rather than divide them among themselves. It is high time that the Anglo-American and the Latin-American people of Texas were knowing and understanding one another better. We are all Americans practically, and those who do not have American citizenship are good neighbors. However, if our schools persist in their endeavor to keep our children apart, we fail to see how we are going to bring about a better understanding between the two peoples. Would you be willing to cease to segregate them at least in the 4th, 5th and 6th grades?
May we hear from you?
Thanking you, we remain
Yours very truly,
Alonso S. Perales
Cartas
Distrito Escolar--Texas
Latinoamericanos
Manifestaciones y movimientos sociales
Perales, Alonso S.
Pleasanton Independent School District
Segregación en la educación
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4888/pera0473_page-0001.jpg
0639dccf5b475e86a2b7a70e9711acec
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Discrimination in employment
Race discrimination--public establishments
Race discrimination--restaurants;
Segregation in education
Discrimination in housing
Race discrimination in medical care
Veteran
Police brutality
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections.
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927-1952
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved.
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a>
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0000
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.
Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos.
Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0473
Title
A name given to the resource
To [Unknown], Editor, From Mrs. Charles Keller
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1905-04-30
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Race discrimination--public establishments
Discrimination in public accommodations
Segregation
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Mrs. Charles Keller to an editor, expressing her dislike towards Mexican-Americans and integration in neighbourhoods, seeking for restrictions or their removal.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Keller, Mrs. Charles
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960.
Relation
A related resource
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
"LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.", Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-
1960. March 21, 1927. 21—22.
http://ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=h6b&
AN=76142888&site=ehost-live&ppid=divp21&lpid=divl20
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Edinburg (Tex.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Cartas
Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos
Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos
Mexicanoamericanos--Segregación
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/10/1899/HOYO0282.jpg
4a1ef24c2aa415b6bb7d54fcf0dad656
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Angela de Hoyos Collection
Subject
The topic of the resource
ACTIVISTS
MEXICAN Americans
PROTESTS and social movements
SPANISH Language
WRITTEN Communication
UNITED States--Texas--Colorado
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
de Hoyos, Angela
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Angela de Hoyos Collection
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Copyright Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Text
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
de Hoyos, Angela
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To a Brown Spider: en el cielo
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ángela de Hoyos
Description
An account of the resource
Poem "To a Brwon Spider" printed in "El Águila Mecha" vol.iii, nr2, illustrated. Signed A. Sandoval DeHoyos, for J.E.C. , p07
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
text
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
jpg
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
HOYO0282
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
magazine
Language
A language of the resource
English
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
El Águila
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Juan E. Cardenas
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/379/pera0034.jpg
29b1c0fc9484dbaded3192ce76c5f639
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To Alfonso [Alonso] S. Perales, From Cleofas Calleros, 1936 Nov 22.
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
DISCRIMINATION
TELEGRAM
UNITED States Social Security Act
PROTESTS and social movements
Description
An account of the resource
Western Union Telegram to Alfonso S Perales from Cleofas Calleros to request Maury Maverick protest the Social Security Act Form SS Five. The Act reclassifies Mexicans "as other than White color".
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Calleros, Cleofas
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: The Committee of One Hundred Citizens & the League of Loyal Citizens, 1927-1954, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1936-11-22
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0034
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
[Header] THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE CLASS OF SERVICE 1201-S – This is a full-rate Telegram or Cablegram unless its deferred character is indicated by a suitable symbol above or preceding the address. SYMBOLS DL=Day Letter NM= Night Message NL= Night Letter LC= Deferred Cable NLT= Cable Night Letter Shipradiogram WESTERN UNION R.B. WHITE PRESIDENT NEWCOMB CARLTON CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD J.C. WILLEVER FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT <br />_________<br />The filling time show in the date line on telegrams and day letters is STANDARD TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is STANDARD TIME at point of destination.<br /><strong>Received at Corner Commerce & Presa Sts., San Antonio, Texas<br /><br /></strong>Always Open<br /><br />[End of header]<br /><br />1936 NOV 22 PM 8 02<br /><br />SA94 51 NL=EL PASO TEX 22<br />ALFONSO [Alonso] S PERALES<br /><br />SIXTH FLOOR GUNTHER BUILDING SAN ANTONIO TEX=<br /><br />GET IN TOUCH IMMEDIATELY WITH MAURY MAVERICK AND HAVE HIM PROTEST SOCIAL SECURITY ACT FORM SS FIVE NOW BEING DISTRIBUTED BY POSTMASTERS STOP PAGE TWO ITEM TWELVE RECLASSIFIED MEXICANS AS OF OTHER THAN WHITE COLOR HAVE HIM WIRE TREASURY DEPARTMENT AND VICE PRESIDENT HAVE FORMS STOPPED OR WORD MEXICAN DELETED ANSWER=<br /><br />CLEOFAS CALLEROS.<br /><br />[Footer] WESTERN UNION ALONE SERVES 89% OF THE PLACES HAVING TELEGRAPH OFFICES
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/378/pera0033.jpg
edb411dfa8d4040875e7555a09cdcf9a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To All L.U.L.A.C Councils, From Frank T. Galvan, Jr., President League of United Latin American Citizens, October 8, 1936.
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
CLASSIFICATION (Conflict of laws)
UNITED States. Bureau of the Census
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
RACE discrimination
MEXICAN Americans
PETITIONS
LATINO Americans
PROTESTS and social movements
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Frank J.Galvan Jr. to all LULAC Councils. The letter is in protest of the local Registrar of Vital Statistics attempt to classify members of the Spanish speaking race as colored to the Bureau of Census of the United States Department of Commerce.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Galvan, Jr., Frank J.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: LULAC & Sons of America: Correspondence, 1927-1957, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1936-10-08
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0033
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
EL PASO (Tex.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
[Header] INTERNATIONAL MATTERS
IN ALL LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
DOMESTIC PRACTICE
IN ALL STATE COURTS
LAW OFFICES
OF
FRANK J. GALVAN
ATTORNEY AT LAW
SUITE 211-212 CAPLES BUILDING
EL PASO, TEXAS
[End header]
October 8, 1936
TO ALL LULAC COUNCILS:
Recently, here in El Paso the local Registrar of Vital Statistics attempted to classify the members of the Spanish speaking race, in making his annual report to the Bureau of Census of the United States Department of Commerce, as colored people.
Violent protests and manifestations were immediately made a suit of injunction was filed to prevent the Registrar from classifying us as colored people for the purpose of vital statistics records for the United States Census Bureau. The local Registrar answered and, among other things, stated that teh Bureau of Census had requested him to so fill out his annual reports to Washington, but that as to the local registration, the Spanish people would be continued to be classified as Whites.
There is no question in my mind but that the Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce has insulted our race in classifying us as colored in their statistics reports. It is about time that each Council of our League do something to correct this error.
Therefore, I suggest that a petition be made and circulated making our protests known to the Congressmen of our respective Districts and requesting them to interview the proper officials of the Bureau of Census to the end of correcting our classification to white and not as of color.
It seems to me that to us Lulackers this is a matter of vital importance and I am asking your whole-hearted cooperation in this matter, which I am sure each of you will be only too glad to render.
With kindest personal regards to each and all of you, I remain
Yours fraternally,
[signed] Frank J. Galvan, Jr.
FRANK J. GALVAN, JR.
President, League of United Latin American
Citizens
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Discrimination in employment
Race discrimination--public establishments
Race discrimination--restaurants;
Segregation in education
Discrimination in housing
Race discrimination in medical care
Veteran
Police brutality
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections.
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927-1952
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved.
Relation
A related resource
<a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a>
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0000
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Texas
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.
Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos.
Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0467
Title
A name given to the resource
To Alonso S Perales, From Ramiro Ramirez, April 9, 1945
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-04-09
Subject
The topic of the resource
Letters
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Discrimination against Mexican Americans
Race discrimination
Discrimination in employment
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Ramiro Ramirez to Alonso S. Perales regarding the lower wages workers of Mexican descent receive at the Humble Oil and Refining Company (Exxon) in contrast to their Anglo-American co-workers.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ramirez, Ramiro
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960.
Relation
A related resource
Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Humble (Text.)
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPG
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Cartas
Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos
Discriminación en el empleo
Discriminación racial
Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960