157 10 1713 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/270/pera0002.jpg d272dbaf0f02ca7d7cb3080704c07592 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, Davis, Wright & Perales, From Si [Simon] Casady, Editor, Valley Evening Monitor, May 10, 1947 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Casady, Simon Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. C-D, p041-041. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-05-10 Relation A related resource To Mr. Simon Casady, Editor, Valley Evening Monitor, From Alonso, April 5, 1947. To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, From Si Casady, Editor, Valley Evening Monitor, April 9, 1947. To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, Davis, Wright & Perales, From Si Casady, Editor, Valley Evening Monitor, May 10, 1947. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0002 Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 AUTHORSHIP FEATURE writing PUBLISH-a-book Description An account of the resource Simon "Si" Casady from the Valley Evening Monitory in McAllen Texas writes to Mr. Alonso S. Perales that he is ashamed not to have prepared an article for his book. Due to his own delay in providing his piece, Si Casady suggests leaving his article out. However, if there is a delay in the final deadline and time to write the article, to advise him. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant MCALLEN (Tex.) SAN Antonio (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. VEM Valley Evening Monitor Mcallen, Texas [Letterhead] May 10, 1947 Mr. Alonso S. Perales Davis, Wright & Perales Suite 714. Gunter Bldg. San Antonio 5, Texas Dear Mr. Perales: It is with a feeling of shame that I write you thus belatedly to say that I have not been able yet to prepare the article you recently asked from me. Knowing that your book has been held up waiting on me, it is most humiliating not to be able even at this late date to send you my contribution. For many days this assignment has been haunting me and I have kept telling myself I would complete it tomorrow. But tomorrow never seems to arrive. In view of the fact your book is ready to go to press, I can only suggest that my article be left out. This suggestion is offered with sincere reluctance since I felt your invitation was a high compliment and I looked forward with proud antici-pation to having a small place in the book. If by any remote chance it has been necessary to advance the deadline of this publication and time remains to write the article, I would appreciate being advised. Otherwise, I can only apologize in deep humility for my inexcusable procrastination. Sincerely yours, Si Casady (Handwritten - Signature) Si Casady Editor Autoría Cartas Casady, Simon "Si" Crónica Perales, Alonso S. Publicar-un-libro Valley Evening Monitor http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/291/pera0023.jpg b0340fd0997a290934ea1d460e8fcd4e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, Davis, Wright & Perales, From Simon Casady, Publisher, Valley Evening Monitor, August 20, 1941. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Casady, Simon Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. C-D, p035-035. 1p, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-08-20 Relation A related resource Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0023 Description An account of the resource Letter from Simon "Si" Casady, publisher of the Valley Evening Monitor, to Alonso S. Perales, thanking him for writing in support of the newspaper's editorial on racial discrimination. Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 RACE discrimination Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant SAN Antonio (Tex.) MCALLEN (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE LEADING DAILY NEWSPAPER IN AMERICA'S RICHEST AGRICULTURAL COUNTY VALLEY EVENING MONITOR MCALLEN, TEXAS August 20, 1941 Mr. Alonso S. Perales Davis, Wright & Perales Suite 714, Gunter Bldg. San Antonio, Texas Dear Mr. Perales: Your recent letter concerning our editorial on racial discrimination was most kind and deeply appreciated. In addition to being personally encouraging, such letters as yours afford a much needed incentive to newspapers to go on rendering what service they can in the interests of freedom, tolerance and brotherhood. It is one of my hopes for this section of the country that education--plus time--gradually will erase the distasteful race consciousness which now exists. Sincerely yours, [signed] S Casady Si Casady [Simon Casady] Publisher sc/hs Cartas Casady, Simon "Si" Discriminación racial Perales, Alonso S. Valley Evening Monitor http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/375/pera0039.jpg 4f6e847d812d3cdf9543578742e116cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, Director General, League of Loyal Americans, From James L. Collins, Major General, U. S. Army, Headquarters Second Division, February 8, 1941. Subject The topic of the resource COLLINS, James L. (James Lawton), 1882-1963 DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans RACE discrimination - public establishments PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LAW MILITARY Personnel MEXICAN American Soldiers Description An account of the resource Letter from James L. Collins to Alonso S. Perales stating that Article 157 of the Texas Penal Code makes it an offense to discriminate again anyone wearing a uniform. The law does not apply to discrimination against American soldiers of Mexican descent necessarily. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Collins, James L. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: The Committee of One Hundred Citizens & the League of Loyal Citizens, 1927-1954, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-02-08 Relation A related resource EBSCO Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 To Major General James L. Collins, Commanding Officer, From [Alonso S. Perales], Director General, The League of Loyal Americans, December 24, 1940. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0039 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant SAN Antonio (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Transcription HEADQUARTERS SECOND DIVISION FORT SAM HOUSTON, TEXAS February 8, 1941 Mr. Alonso S. Perales, Director General League of Loyal Americans 714 Gunter Building San Antonio, Texas. Dear Mr. Perales: Further reference is made to your kind and courteous communication of December 24, 1940, wherein you state that you are reliably informed that certain barbers are discriminating against American soldier of Mexican descent, attired in United States Army uniforms, merely because of their racial extraction. While Article 157 of the Texas Penal Code mades it an offense, punishable by a fine, for any person to discriminate against anyone because of his membership in the United States Armt, or becaause of his wearing any Army uniform; unfortunately, in the instant case, the discrimination complained of was fue to the nativity of the soldiers and not because of their being soldiers; consequently, this law would not apply. However, I have had the co-operation of Mr. John R. Shook, District Attorney of Bexar County, Texas, with whom I have collaborated on the subject and I am advised there is now no desire on the part of the barbers to discriminate against any soldiers who may present themselves for service. I appreciate your expression of loyaly and good will and while I can only apply corrective measures where authorized by statute, I assure you I shall at all times endeavor to do my utmost toward furthering the splendid spirit manifested in your letter. Very truly yours, [signed] James L. Collins JAMES L. COLLINS, Major General, U.S. Army, Commanding. Cartas Collins, James L. Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial - establecimientos públicos League of Loyal Americans Ley Liga de Ciudadanos Leales Perales, Alonso S. Personal Militar Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4898/pera0484_001_page-0001.jpg 1b4d70dd0bea6edc4775a9f4cb0e886d http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4898/pera0484_002_page-0001.jpg bc6eefc6e5d6eece1bbb3ace8b8f3b48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0484 Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, From C. A. Harrell, April 18, 1952 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-04-18 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants Description An account of the resource Letter from City Manager C.A Harrell to Alonso S. Perales listing establishments that discriminate against people of Mexican descent in Wichita Falls, Texas, including Domestic Egg Palantine, Wichita Laundry, and Pond Laundry. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harrell, C.A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English and Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Wichita Falls (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial--restaurantes Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/272/pera0004.jpg 13eb35e5a78f965910576b92b1c31190 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/272/pera0004_001.jpg e622171302a9d3cefacf754020f430e7 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/272/pera0004_002.jpg fc46f7631f3394500b33bcd854c651a9 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/272/pera0004_003.jpg 76306d2b5eceac24f45d23f6ddef9475 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, From Maria Antonia Chavez Saldana, March 6, 1940 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Saldana, Maria Antonia Chavez Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. C-D, p090-093. 4p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940-03-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0004 Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans HISPANIC Americans--education PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 CANARY Islanders--America ANCESTORS Description An account of the resource Letter to Alonso S. Perales from Maria Antonia Chavez Saldana thanking him for a copy of his book “En Defensa de mi Raza “[In Defense of my People]. In her letter she discusses the racism that Mexican Americans face and how the younger generation are becoming bitter, because Mexican boys are not given a “square deal”. She also mentions her family’s long lineage of settling in San Antonio, starting from 1715. She also talks highly about her son’s and their endeavors. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant SAN Antonio (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [Handwritten - Letter] San Antonio, Texas March 6, 1940 Mr. Alonso S. Perales 614 Gunter Building San Antonio, Texas Dear Mr. Perales: I wish to thank you most sincerely for your thoughtfulness and kindness in giving me a copy of your book "En Defensa de mi Raza". I really enjoyed reading it especially that page on which is printed your letter to Mr. Gonzales. Allow me to congratulate you. I also have a bone to pick with that gentleman and nothing would give me greater pleasure than to see him be put in his right place. It really is too bad we dont have more Alonso Perales' to defend the Mexican people. Unfortunately, when some one tries to do some-thing, the others who are in a position to help dont do so. The first thing they say is "Why should I make enemies among the white people [Underlined] (pardon the words) when they treat me fine." There you have the whole thing in a nut shell. They'll sell their birth-right for a mess of pottage. The fools! They have no pride, no dignity, no self respect. #2 I've made plenty of enemies but it is worth it. It makes my blood boil to hear germans, Italians, Anglo-Americans etc. say, "These Mexicans should be sent back to Mexico". Do I keep quiet? Certainly not. I tell them that if it hadnt been for the ancestors of some of these so - called Mexicans they wouldnt be here taking it easy. You see Mr. Perles, I have a right to answer them in that rude way because my people first came here to San Antonio in 1715, sixteen years before the Canary Islanders came. One of my ancestors Don Pedro Flores de Abrego was born here in 1719. Another ancestor Don Domingo Ramon came here in 1716. I'm very proud of them. And of course I'm proud of some of my other ancestors who came from the Canary Islands in 1731. I have ancestors in one generation or other who descend from nine of the original 13 Canary Islanders (families), one being Don Juan Leal Goras who was the leader of them all. That is why my grandfather Don Pedro Chaves was one of the heirs to that property where the court-house stands. Hi mother, grandmother and great grandmother were born in the same house on the land granted to their ancestor Don Juan Leal [Unintelligable - Goras]. The property was sold to Mr. Dwyer and his wife [Unintelligable Mariana] Leal, #3 and they in turn sold it to the county later on. Wouldn't all these settlers turn in their graves to see how their descendants are humiliated day by day. No jobs worth while for people of Mexican descent while others who came yesterday and never heard of the Alamo until they came here get the best positions. I'm worried about the younger generation, they are getting bitter because they say they are neither Mexican or American and that it is useless to go to college and spend 4 years or more and get a position driving a truck or clerking in some small store after they finish college. My son who graduated last May from Sidney Lanier was an honor graduate, was valedictorian of the class and received seven scholarships to the largest college in Texas but he wouldnt go because he is seeing how things are right now. He wanted to be an architect but was told by his teacher who cared very much for him, it would be useless to go six years to college and then not get a position. So he is working as window trimmer and salesman for Paul Maureaux Co. and goes to night school at Tech. He wants to be somebody but how can he when they dont give a square deal to the Mexican boys. #4 Some day I'm going to send him over to you but its' so hard to say when. He works from 7:30 a.m til 6:30 p.m and on Saturdays 7:30 a.m to 9:30 p.m He knows how to talk, he's not like the one you met who would rather [Illegible - pray] than talk. By the way, Mr. Perales, you made a conquest and I mean a conquest. My son thought you were the grandest sort of a man he had ever met. He's been bragging about you to every one he knows, and that means something. He thinks of nothing but sports (he is a basketball star) and he said, "I bet if I talked to Mr. Perales about basketball he'd know what I was talking about". He is only 17 years old and graduated in January but is [Illegible - posting] until May when he gets his diploma. My oldest son Jesse was 18 when he graduated but he received so many honors it would take a page to list them. My letter has turned out to be a book it seems and I hope I haven't bored you but I had to get my feelings off my chest and you were the proper person for that. So thanking you again for your kindness I remain Yours sincerely Maria Antonia Chavez Saldaña Antepasados Cartas de Abrego, Don Pedro Flores Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos En Defensa de mi Raza Goras, Don Juan Leal Hispanoamericanos -- Educación Perales, Alonso S. Ramon, Don Domingo Saldana, Maria Antonia Chavez http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/214/pera0055.jpg 7e2b0ca975302c6f08de723d294729d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, From Most Rev. Robert E. Lucey, D. D. Archbishop of San Antonio, Chancery Office, July 8, 1944. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucey, Robert E Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-07-08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: Religious Interests. Correspondence, c. 1940-1960, p039-039. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS LUCEY, Robert Emmet, 1891-1977 PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 CATHOLIC church buildings JURISDICTION CATHOLIC Church--Bishops Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0055 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter to Alonso Perales from Rev. Robert E. Lucey Archbishop of San Antonio regarding jurisdiction of a proposed church building in Raymondville, Texas. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant SAN Antonio (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [On letterhead of the Chancery Office 230 Dwyer Avenue; San Antonio Texas] July 8, 1944 Mr, Alonso S. Perales 714 Gunter Building San Antonio 5, Texas Dear Mr. Perales: Thank you for the letter and the correspondence relative to the building of a proposed church in Raymondville, Texas. Although I am Archbishop of this Province I do not have jurisdiction over my Suffragan Bishops in the matter of church building. The jurisdiction of an Archbishop is more in the nature of honor and prestige than as having anything to do with the ordinary administration of a diocese. Bishop Ledvina has full jurisdiction in the matter. Thanking you for sending me this correspondence and with best wishes, I remain Very sincerely yours, Robert E. Lucey [Handwritten - Signature] Most Rev. Robert E. Lucey, D.D. Archbishop of San Antonio Cartas Edificios de iglesias católicos Iglesia católica--Obispos Jurisdicción Lucey, Robert E Perales, Alonso S. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/293/pera0025.jpg 725eb0762fa2adb22bdc4a8b590f0f72 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, From Simon Casady, Editor, Valley Evening Monitor, April 9, 1947. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Casady, Simon Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. C-D, p039-039. 1p, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-04-09 Relation A related resource Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 To Mr. Simon Casady, Editor, Valley Evening Monitor, From Alonso S. Perales, April 5, 1947. To Mr. Si Casady, Editor, Valley Evening Monitor, From Alonso S. Perales, April 24, 1947. To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, Davis, Wright & Perales, From Si Casady, Editor, Valley Evening Monitor, May 10, 1947 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0025 Subject The topic of the resource FEATURE writing LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 AUTHORSHIP Description An account of the resource Letter from Simon "Si" Casady, Editor of the Valley Evening Monitor’s to Alonso S. Perales. Perales asked Si Casady to contribute an article to his book and he accepted. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant MCALLEN (Tex.) SAN Antonio (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [Header - VEM Valley Evening Monitor McAllen, Texas] April 9, 1947 Mr. Alonso S. Perales Suite 714 Gunter Building San Antonio 5, Texas Dear Mr. Perales: I feel very much honored to be asked to contribute an article to your book and will submit something in the very near future. Not knowing yet what this article will contain exactly I would like to say here that you should feel at perfect liberty to de- lete, condense, edit, or completely omit the article if it does not happen to fulfil your requirements in any way. Sincerely yours, [Si Casady - handwritten] Si Casady, Editor SC:r Autoría Cartas Casady, Simon "Si" Crónica Perales, Alonso S. Valley Evening Monitor http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/290/pera0022.jpg 8d235438d57421c11a7619d45b8d8012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, From William B. Carssow, Legislature of Texas, February 19, 1937 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carssow, William B. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. C-D, p032-032. 1p, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-02-19 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0022 Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 CARSSOW, William B., 1911- CAMPAIGN promises Description An account of the resource Letter to Alonso S. Perales from William B. Carssow, State Representative of Texas stating how he favors equal representation. It was a promise he made to the people of San Antonio during his political campaign. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant AUSTIN (Tex.) SAN Antonio (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Legislature of Texas [Header] House of Representatives Austin WM. B Carrsow Brady Building San Antonio Committees Judiciary State of Affairs Livestock & Stock Raising Public Health Privileges, Elections and Suffrages February 19, 1937 Mr. Alonso S. Perales 614 Gunter Building San Antonio, Texas Dear Mr. Perales: This will acknowledge receipt of your letter of February 17th. I have always been in favor of equal representation. This I told the people of San Antonio during my campaign, and I certainly do not intend to break the promise that I made up to them when I said that I would favor it. You can be assured that I will be glad to see Dr. Manuel at any time that he de- sires to pay me a call. With best wishes, I remain Yours very truly, William B. Carssow [Handwritten signature] William B. Carssow WBC: KEH [Handwritten] 3-27-37 to Mr. Carssow [Handwritten note - Illegible] Carssow, William B. Cartas Perales, Alonso S. Promesas de campaña http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/251/pera0043.jpg 34e65ba980249491a1e2ed9e3b00863e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, President, Committee of One Hundred, From Tom C. Clark, Assistant Attorney General, Department of Justice, October 31, 1944. Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS CLARK, Tom C. (Tom Campbell), 1899-1977 CIVIL rights--Cases. RACE discrimination UNITED States. Department of Justice PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 UNITED States--Government policy. UNITED States. Supreme Court. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clark, Tom C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: The Committee of One Hundred Citizens & the League of Loyal Citizens, 1927-1954. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-10-31 Relation A related resource Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 To Mr. Tom C. Clark, Assistant Attorney General, From Alonso S. Perales, Director General, Committee of One Hundred, The League of Loyal Americans, Dec. 14, 1944. To Mr. Tom Clark, Assistant Attorney General, United States Department of Justice, From Alonso S. Perales, President, Committee of One Hundred, The League of Loyal Americans, October 31, 1944. To Mr. Tom Clark, United States Department of Justice, From Alonso S. Perales, President, Committee of One Hundred, The League of Loyal Americans, Oct. 26, 1944. To Mr. Tom C. Clark, Assistant Attorney General, From Alonso S. Perales, Director General, Committee of One Hundred, The League of Loyal Americans, Nov. 6, 1944. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0043 Description An account of the resource Letter to Alonso S. Perales from Tom Clark, Assistant Attorney General, Department of Justice. Mr. Clark acknowledges the receipt of letter dated October 26, 1944, which included a list of places where Mexicans are discriminated. Tom Clark cites Civil Rights Cases 109 U.S. 3 declaring that the Federal Government has not power to legislate concerning discrimination based on race or national origin by private individuals and private businesses. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant WASHINGTON (D.C.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE [LETTERHEAD] WASHINGTON 25, D.C. [STAMP] ADDRESS REPLY TO [LEFT TOP CORNER] "THE ATTORNEY GENERAL" AND REFER TO INITIALS AND NUMBER [Underlined] TCC:EB:AEM [Underlined] 144-012-4 October 31, 1944 Mr. Alonso S. Perales, President Committee of One Hundred Suite 714 Gunter Building San Antonio, Texas Dear Mr. Perales: This will acknowledge the receipt of your letter of October 26, 1944, enclosing a list of places where Mexicans are discriminated against in Texas because of their racial origins. In the Civil Rights Cases [Underlined] 109 U.S.#, the Supreme Court declared that the Federal Government had no power to legislate concerning discrimination on grounds of race or national origin by private individuals or private businesses. For that reason, it would not be possible for Congress to pass an act such as you suggest unless the Constitution were amended, and I regret to state that for the same reasons it is not possible for the Department of Justice to take any action in the matter. Respectfully, For the Attorney General, Tom C. Clark Assistant Attorney General [Handwritten - Signature diagonal across name and title] Cartas Clark, Tom Derechos civiles--Casos Discriminación racial Estados Unidos - Póliza gubernamental Estados Unidos, Departmento de Justico Estados Unidos. Corte Suprema Perales, Alonso S. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/205/pera0063.jpg b630aad7127de99ddb1fa75779a9e7f5 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/205/pera0063_001.jpg ef77a2116e8334c9c8121d45e9cdca33 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Coke Stevenson, Governor, From Ricardo Ogas, September 18, 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ogas, Ricardo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-09-18 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. M, Issue ., p140-141. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS RACE discrimination - public establishments MILITARY Personnel STEVENSON, Coke R. (Coke Robert), 1888-1975 PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 MEXICAN American Soldiers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0063 Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter to Governor Coke Stevenson from Ricardo Ogas a U.S. Naval Reservist regarding an incident of racial discrimination that took place in a local pool hall in Alpine Texas. Frank Young, manager of the Pool Hall refused to allow Mr. Ogas to play because he was a “Mexican boy”. In the letter, Mr. Ogas is requesting an apology. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ALPINE (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Alpine, Texas [From] September 18, 1943 Hon. Mr. Coke Stevenson, Governor [To] Austin, Texas Honorable and dear sir: By the present letter I want to acknowledge you of the following incident which happened to me, the writer of this letter, personally. Before going any further I want to give you the following facts: my name: RICARDO OGAS Slc; U.S. Naval Reserve; Tag No. 624-42-71; T. 6-42, B.T.A.- U.S.S. Honolulu. My commander is Capt. Hailer. I was born in Alpine, Texas, on December 4, 1924. I am at present on leave of absence for 25 days. I will now relate to you what happened to me on Monday afternoon September 13. I was walking along Alpine’s Main street and while passing by the Pool Hall was invited in by another sailor by the name of Edward Copland Slc. I accepted his invitation, we both walked in and then I started to greet the other boys present. While talking to these boys a civilian boy asked me to play pool with him. I refused on account of not knowing the game very well; but he insisted and I finally agreed to play with him. While I was getting ready to play, Frank Young, Manager of the Pool Hall, approaved and told me that I was not allowed to play. I asked why. He answered me by saying that I was a Mexican boy and, therefore, I could not play in there, because if I played the Negroes would also like to come and play there. I asked him if he had any appreciation for the part the Latin Americans are playing to win this war. He said he did, but still could not help it on account of me being a Spanish-American boy. So he again told me that because of that fact I could not play. I thanked him and walked out. I have been in the Navy for eighteen months and have taken part in four major engagements with the enemy. The love of my country and the desire to help save it prompted me to enter the service as a volunteer. I had not been home since I entered, and now that I am here the aforesaid incident happened to me. Incidents like this are helping to break the morale of our Latin American people and fighting men. I, therefore, thought it best to communicate t you the discrimination to which our people are subjected here in this town, though they are born Americans but of Latin extraction. I, myself, and the Latin Americans of this city of Alpine, therefore, demand an APOLOGY from the manager of the Pool Hall for the affront put upon me, my country, and the people of Latin American extraction. Thanking you for your consideration on this particular and for the good will you have shown to the Latin Americans of this State, resting assured that you will do all that is in your power to help settle and correct that difficulty, and hoping to hear from you soon, I remain Respectfully yours, Ricardo Ogas, Slc. (Handwritten - Signature) Cartas Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos Perales, Alonso S. Personal Militar Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos Stevenson, Coke R.