163 10 1713 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/278/pera0010.jpg a79510b617e81fbdb01ef16e1dc2d520 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Sr. Licensiado Alonso Perales, From Agustin Delgado, Julia 5 de 1944 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Delgado, Agustin Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. C-D, p212-212. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-07-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0010 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant VICTORIA (Tex.) SAN Antonio (Tex.) Description An account of the resource Letter from Agustín Delgado to Alonso S. Perales that lists establishments that discriminate against people of Mexican descent, including US military veterans in uniform, in Victoria, Texas. Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans MEXICAN Americans RACE discrimination - public establishments RACE discrimination - restaurants MILITARY MILITARY Personnel PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Victoria, Texas. Julia 5 de 1944. Sr. Licensiado Alonso Perales. San Antonio, Texas. Muy Señor mio: Es en nuestra vista su atta cartita de fecha [illegible: 16] de Julio, y nos es muy grato embiarle [enviarle] a continuacion y al calse, los nombres y direcciones de los lugares donde se le niega servicio a los Mexicanos, y aun a los que bienen [vienen] en calidad de permiso, a visitar a sus familiares y con el Uniforme de militares de los E.U. Tenemos mucho coraje por que a nuestro criterio, no existe ninguna Ley que les de la autoridad de reusar a ninguna raza blanka[blanca], y deseamos que usted con nosotros, nos ayude a poner fin a tan degradante idea de parte de estos propietarios. HI-WAY? CAFE. Propietario. E.H. Jay. So. Moody. OMAS-CAFE. 211.S. Main. St. Rips-Cafe. Port LaVaca Hiway Bekers -Place. So. Main. St Round-House . Bar. 211 SO. Cameron. St. Sr. Perales: Favor de comunicarnos el resultado de sus peticiones, y como antes dije, estamos con Ud. todo la colonia de Victoria; y quedamos fraternalmente de usted como sus Coloboradores y S.S. Pr: [signed] Agustin Delgado Agustin Delgado. 212A.S. Main St Cartas Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial - establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial - restaurantes Mexicoamericanos Militar Perales, Alonso S. Personal Militar http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/287/pera0019.jpg f96ca98bd427e45379bd619b191eeed9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Sr. Octavio R. Garcia, from [Alonso S. Perales], Agosto 25 de 1939 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [Perales, Alonso S.] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. G, 055-055. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939-08-25 Relation A related resource To Lic. Alonzo [Alonso] S. Perales, From Octavio R. Garcia, Julio 30, 1939 To Lic. Alonzo [Alonso] S. Perales, From Octavio R. Garcia, Julio 23, 1939 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0019 Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS HISPANIC Americans--education DISCRIMINATION in education RACE discrimination in education DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans DISCRIMINATION against Latin Americans Description An account of the resource Letter from Alonso S. Perales to Octavio R. García, providing advice as to how to deal with the unfufilled promises of the School Board to improve the poor conditions of the Navarro school. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant LOCKHART (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. ------- G-7129 Agosto 25 de 1939. Sr. Octavio R. García P.O. Box 653, Lockhart, Texas. Muy estimado Sr. Garcia: En primer lugar le ruego me dispense mi demora en escribirle. He estado sumamente ocupado en asuntos de mi profesioón. Refiriéndose nuevamente al asunto que tienen ustedes pendiente con el Consejo Escolar de Lockhart, les sugiero que la Comisión de ustedes vaya a conferenciar con el St. Patrick E. Kind. Si es posible, tengan una entrevista oficial con todo el Consejo Escolar al mismo tiempo. Tal vez el Sr. King pueda arreglar dicha entrevista. En esa entrevista pregúntale al Consejo si pueden ustedes contar con dos cuartos más y dos maestros adicionales para el próximo período de escuela, y con una nueva escrula más allá cuando se consiga el préstamo de la P.W.A. Si les dicen que sí, acepten ustedes la proposición, y díganles que están bien, que van a contar con esas mejoras. Si no cumplen, pues me avisan para sugerirles lo que, en mi concepto, más convenga hacer. En vista de que dichos señores no se rehusan a remediar la situación sino que prometen hacer algo ahora y algo más después, creo que más vale no ir más allá por ahora sino darles la oportunidad a que cumplan la promesa inmediata, a saber, la de los dos cuartos y los dos maestros. Y luego pueden ustedes seguir pidiendo hasta que por fin se les proporcionen todas las facilidades a que tienen derecho. Cuando un Consejo asuma la actitud de que NADA puede hacer, yo aconseje que sin perdida de tiempo se dirijan [dirigan] al Superintendete de Escuelas del Estado (el Dr. L.A. Woods), en Austin, Texas. Pero me parece que en el caso que nos ocupa el Consejo tiene la intención de remediar la situación, aunque gradualmente o sea poco a poco. En cuanto al "Janitor", pues no entiendo como un Consejo Escolar puede negarse a proporcionar tal servicio. No importa que nos señores no quieran dar la promesa por escrito. Yendo varios de ustedes, habra testigos para probar que prometieron mejorar la situación. Una vez más los felicito a todos muy sinceramente por el empeño que han demostrado en el adelanto y bienestar de nuestra niñez escolar de Lockhart, y me suscrito de ustedes muy atento y s.s. Cartas Discriminación contra Latinos Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación en la educación Discriminación racial en la educación Garcia, Octavio R. Hispanos Americanos -- educación http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/174/pera0072.jpg 3aa5cd17dd88138a1f8c5fbfc1008681 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/174/pera0072_001.jpg 99416e97ecdf2dff02841ae0196792f4 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/174/pera0072_002.jpg 9a4a6c2e684ecb74ac2e8312e26098f4 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/174/pera0072_003.jpg e47c9d5f7362c9c5a4003e922de208b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Su Excelencia Calvin Coolidge, Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America, Palacio Presidencial, From Alonso S. Perales, Febrero 14 de 1927. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-02-14 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: Perales Original Works: Essays, Letters, Editorials & Others. Editorials and Manuscript Segments, c.1930-1955, p048-051. 4p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource COMPLAINT letters CRIME COOLIDGE, Calvin, 1872-1933 PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans MURDER MOODY, Daniel James, 1893-1966 GARNER, John Nance, 1868-1967 SHEPPARD, Morris, 1875-1941 DUE Process of Law Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0072 Relation A related resource Letter To President, From Alonso S. Perales, April 30, 1927. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant WASHINGTON (D.C.) WILLACY County (Tex.) RAYMONDVILLE (Tex.) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Letter to President Calvin Coolidge from Alonso S. Perales regarding the murder of five prisoners who were suspected of killing two deputies of Willacy County, Texas. The Willacy County Grand Jury refused to prosecute the murders. Description An account of the resource Complaint letter written to President Calvin Coolridge detailing the unjust arrest, treatment, and murder of men of Mexican descent in Raymondville, Texas. Accused and arrested for the murder of the Willacy County sheriff, the men were mistreated and then taken outside the Raymondville city limits, then murdered. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. CARTA ENVIADA AL PRESIDENTE COOLIDGE PROTESTANDO CONTRA LOS ASESINATOS DE RAYMONDVILLE Washington, D.C. Febrero 14 de 1927 Su Excelencia Calvin Coolidge, Presidente de los Estados Unidos de América, Palacio Presidencial Excelencia: El suscrito ciudadano americano de nacimiento, se toma la libertad de dirigirse a usted para participarle lo siguiente: He recibido informes al efecto de que como el dia 7 de septiembre Tomás Nuñez, ciudadano mexicano, sus dos hijos, Benancio y José Nuñez ciudadanos americanos, Inocencio González, también ciudadano americano, y Mat Zoler, austriaco, fueron arrestados por el "Sheriff" del Condado de Willacy, Texas, porque se les sospechaba de estar implicados en la muerte de dos diputados del "Sheriff" de dicho Condado. Los informes que tengo en mi poder demuestran que después de haber sido cruelmente maltratados los prisioneros fueron llevados a un lugar fuera de Raymondville, Texas, y asesinados. Los individuos que los custodiaban entonces regresaron a Raymondville y declararon que habían sido atacados desde un bosque por personas desconocidas, que ellos habían devuelto el fuego y que durante el tiroteo de ambos lados los cinco prisioneros habían devuelto el fuego y que durante el tiroteo de ambos lados los cinco prisioneros habían sido muertos. En conexión con esa declaración es digno de tomarse en cuenta el hecho de que aun cuando los cinco prisioneros fueron asesinados los individuos que los custodiaban salieron ilesos. La impresión general que predomina entre observadores imparciales de Texas, que están enterados de los detalles de este incidente, es que los cinco prisioners fueron asesinados por los Oficiales de Confafo de Willacy o por personas que obraron con pleno concocimiento y con el consentimiento de dichos oficiales, puesto que si, con alegan los individuos que los custodiaban, personas desconocidas les hicieron fuego y como resultado perecieron los cinco prisioneros, solo un milagro habría hecho posible el que los guardias salieran ilesos. [page 2] CARTA ENVIADA AL PRESIDENTE COOLIDGE PROTESTANDO CONTRA LOS ASESINATOS DE RAYMONDVILLE -2- La muerte de los oficiales que se alega fueron muertos en Raymondville poco antes que los cinco prisioneros fueran asesinados es la lamentarse de veras. Sin embargo, las autoridades del Condado de Willacy [strikeout:ae] hallaban ampliamente fadultadas [facultadas] para aprehender, procesar, condenar y castigar a los asesinos "en la forma prescrita por las leyes, pero no en otra forma. A propósito de esto me permito llamar su atención a la primera sección del Artículo XIV de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos de América que dice: "Los Estados no podrán privar a ninguna persona de la vida, la libertad o los bienes de fortuna, sin el debido procedimiento legal, ni negar a nadie en su jurisdicción la igual protección de las leyes". En una carta dirigida al señor W.T. Galliher, Presidente del Comité de Mil Ciudadanos, el dia 5 de enero de 1927, el Presidente Coolidge dijo, entre otras cosas: "Todo gobierno de primera clase hace un esfuerzo honrado e inteligente por hacer respetar las leyes, y la norma de ciudadanía decae muchísimo cuando las leyes dejan de ser obedecidas". El dia 8 de enero de 1927, los periódicos locales anunciaron que el portavoz de la Casa Blanca acababa de definir la política actual de los Estados Unidos con respecto a México y Nicaragua, en la forma siguiente: "El primer deber de un gobierno es protejer las vidas y sus propiedades. Esa es una obligación primordial. Para eso son instituídos los gobiernos, y los gobiernos que faltan a dicho deber son peores que inútiles. El Gobierno de los Estados Unidos ha resuelto cumplir, hasta donde sus fuerzas lo permitan, con ese deber hacia sus ciudadanos en la frontera. A este Gobierno no les importa, ni le ha importado jamás, los/métodos empleados para dar esa protección".  "Protección efectiva a las vidas u propiedades americanas es el único punto en que los Estados Unidos son tenaces". [page 3] CARTA ENVIADA AL PRESIDENTE COOLIDGE PROTESTANDO CONTRA LOS ASESINATOS DE RAYMONDVILLE -3- Es de esperarese, por consiguiente, que así como nuestro Gobierno en varias ocasiones ha puesto en práctica dichos principios desembarcando fuerzas armadas en países extranjeros con el objeto de protejer las vidas y propiedades de ciudadanos americanos, asimismo no ha de tener inconveniente en protejer las vidas de ciudadanos americanos dentro de nuestro propio país. Nosotros, los ciudadanos americanos de origen mexicano, tenemos absoluta confianza en el concepto de nuestro Gobierno Federal tiene de lo que son el deber y la justicia. El dia 24 de octubre de 1926, me dirigí a la/Señora Miriam A. Ferguson, Gobernadora de Texas, pidiendo que se hiciera una investigacioón del incidente a que me vengo refiriendo, más no he recibido contestacioón y, a lo que entiendo, nada se ha hecho para establecer la responsabilidad y castigar a los asesinos. El dia 25 de enero de 1927 dirigí una suplica idéntica al nuveo Ciudadano Gobernador Dan Moody, pero hasta hoy no he recibido respuesta. En enero de 1927, en virtud de una queja formulada por los deudos de las víctimas Nuñez, se hizo una investigación, pero el Gran Jurado [strikeout: del Condado de Willacy] del Condado de Willacy se rehusó a encausar a los presuntos homicidas. Sin embargo, esto se explica desde luego con el hecho de que existe un prejuicio muy fuerte, en el COndado de Willacy, contra personas de origen mexicano, no importa cual sea su ciudadanía. Además, se alega que algunos de los miembros de dicho Gran Jurado eran empleados de un hermano del "Sheriff" Teller, y otros son parientes políticos de él. Confío, por lo tanto, en que como Presidente de los Estados Unidos de América, Vuestra Excelencia orden[handwritten: ará] que nuestro Departamento de Justicia haga una investigación minucioa e imparcial del asesinato de esos indefensos (y, según parece, inocentes) ciudadanos americanos, cuya muerte ha causado a sus respectivos hogares tristeza y miseria. Es innecesario el que no recuerde a Vuestra Excelencia que una investigación de esta naturaleza no solamente figaría la responsabilidad donde pertenece, sino que serviría también para volver a asegurar a todos los ciudadanos [page 4] -4- CARTA ENVIADA AL PRESIDENTE COOLIDGE PROTESTANDO CONTRA LOS ASESINATOS DE RAYMONDVILLE americanos de origen mexicano radicados en Texas, que sus derechos a la vida, la libertad y la felicidad siempre serán protegidos. Por otra parte, dicha seguridad vendría a fortalecer la confianza que ellos tienen en nuestro Gobierno y nuestras instituciones. Me permito, además, acompañar dos recortes de periódico los cuales demuestran que el dia 5 del presente un Jurado de la Corte Federal, en Corpus Christi, Texas, encontró culpables del delito de peonaje al susodicho "Sheriff" Raymond Teller, en cuya custodia se hallaban las cinco víctimas a que me vengo refiriendo, así como [added" también A] algunos de sus diputados. Respetuosamente, ALONSO S. PERALES Anexos: 2 Explicación: El "Sheriff" Teller y algunos de sus diputados fueron enviados a la penitenciaría por el gobierno federal por que obligaron a dos jóvenes anglosajones a trabajar en contra de su voluntad, lo cual constituye el delito de peonaje, pero dicho castigo nada tuvo que ver con los asesinatos de mexicanos a que nos venimos refiriendo.  El Autor. --------------------------------------------------- NOTA: Con el objeto de informar también a otros altos funcionarios públicos de la Nación acerca de las injusticias que se cometen con el pueblo mexicano en el Estado de Texas, cartas semejantes fueron escritas por el autor a las personas siguientes: Honorable Dan Moody, Gobiernador de Texas. Honorable Morris Sheppard, Senador de los Estados Unidos de América. Honorable John Nance Garner, Representante del Distrito Congresal. Décimoquinto de Texas en el Congreso de la Unión. Honrable Jogn G. Sargent, Procurador General de Justicia de los Estados Unidos de América. Asesinato Cartas de queja Coolidge, Calvin Crimen Debido Proceso Legal Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Garner, John Nance Moody, Daniel James Perales, Alonso S. Sheppard, Morris http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/212/pera0057.jpg 19266f51b1590ef1c5dfcabe67f7b214 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Superintendent. L. A. Woods, State Dept. of Education, From W. J. Everitt, Pleasanton Public Schools, October 12, 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Everitt, W. J. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946-10-12 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: Law Practice: Cases & Contracts, c. 1918-1960. Cases L-R, p168-168. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 SEGREGATION in education. LATIN Americans PETITIONS SEGREGATION in education--Law and legislation--United States. EDUCATION--Children Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0057 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter from W.J. Everitt to Superintendent L.A. Woods discussing the issue of overcrowding at the school in Pleasanton, Texas and the lack of teacher availability. Due to overcrowding in the Anglo-American classrooms and lack of teachers, the Latin American classrooms were combined. Requests advice if it is illegal to combine Latin American class rooms. Mentions the building of a separate Latin American School, which was turned down by the Latin American in the school. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant AUSTIN (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. PLEASANTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS [Header] W.J. Everitt, Superintendent Pleasanton, Texas October 12, 1946 Supt. L.A. Woods, State Dept. of Education, Austin, Texas Dear Sir; On Sept. 25th. The Board of Trustees received a letter from Davis, Wright & Perales, Attorneys at Law in San Antonio, Texas together with a petition protesting against the segregation of the Latin-Americans from the Anglo-American children up to and including the sixth grade. Until this year we have been putting the children all together in the fifth grade but allowing the brighter Latin-American children to enter even the fourth grade if capable of keeping up in their school work. This year we have the children together in the sixth grade but we had a peculiar situation in the fourth and fifth grades together with a class room and teacher shortage, In the Anglo-American fourth we have 42 children and the fifth 30 while the Latin-American fourth has 10 and the fifth 13; therefore with no additional teacher available we combined the Latin-American grades in the one remaining classroom. I was approached on the arrangement of the Latin-American children and the party was invited to attend a Trustees meeting and discuss the matter but instead we have been presented with a petition which the board has not answered to date not knowing just what to do without space or additional teacher. Sometime ago the trustees talked of building a separate Latin-American school but the Latin-Americans did not want such an arrangement. As far as I know they have always attended this one school and I cannot see that we are segregating them in the present arrangement. We have voted a $75,000.00 bond issue for a new building to [Underlined - releave] our crowded condition but at the present time we have been informed by the CPA that the program will be turned down. Please advise us in this situation. Is there a law forbidding us to do what has been done this year? In fact this district has provided more equal education for the Latin-Americans than any other school district in this County. Thank you in advance for your aid in the above matter. Very truly yours, W.J. Everitt Cartas Educación--Niños Everitt, W. J. Latinoamericanos Perales, Alonso S. Peticiones Segregación en la educación Segregación en la educación--Ley y legislación--Estados Unidos Woods, L. A. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4843/pera0425_page-0001.jpg 8c984a7f97df1abf26c598f864822a44 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4843/pera0425_page-0002.jpg e47738294520e0254d8ece4cd99259a9 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4843/pera0425_page-0003.jpg 5e2e89ebc8fc23421d41d20c4d6f56dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0425 Title A name given to the resource To the Editor of The Valley Morning Star, Harlingen, Texas, From Mrs. Santos V. Lozano, Raymondville, Texas, 1947 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Newspapers - sections, columns, etc Discrimination against Mexican Americans Voting Discrimination in education Description An account of the resource Letter to the editor of the newspaper, The Valley Morning Star, reporting the implications of the recent school board election results in which no people of Latin American descent were elected. The author, Mrs. Santos V. Lozano, notes how this lack of representation had led to discrimination against children of Latin American descent. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lozano, Mrs. Santos V. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Raymondville (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación en la educación Periodicos - secciones, columnas, etc Votación http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4866/pera0449_page-0001.jpg 6ad7f5d9dc13ddcdc4bb1d016dfe7136 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4866/pera0449_page-0002.jpg f89ea8ef887ebdaddc49d1d357f27fa7 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4866/pera0449_page-0003.jpg f31cabad96b649a1601d8f975c7f22de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0449 Title A name given to the resource To The Honarable John H. Garner, House of Representatives, From Alonso S. Perales, January 13, 1927 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-01-13 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination Police brutality Description An account of the resource Letter from Alonso S. Perales to Honorable John H. asking for an investigation regarding the murders of an Austrian American and a Mexican American father and his two sons, that ocurred while they were in police custody. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 "To Mr. Alonso S. Perales, From Mrs. H. [illegible], Committee on Ways and Means, January 15, 1927.", Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. August 5, 1927. 70—70. http://ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=h6b& AN=76485860&site=ehost-live&ppid=divp70&lpid=divl39 "To Sr. Victorino Gomez, From [Unknown], November 7, 1926.", Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. August 5, 1927. 107—108. http://ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=h6b& AN=76485860&site=ehost-live&ppid=divp107&lpid=divl66 "To [Unknown], From Alonso S. Perales, February 14, 1927.", Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. February 14, 1927. 68—70. http://ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=h6b& AN=76568982&site=ehost-live&ppid=divp68&lpid=divl51 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Raymondville (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Brutalidad policial Cartas Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/244/pera0050.jpg 7812f8c2a7c883e74f27f8f8d46ddf21 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To The Honorable J. T. Canales, President General, League of Latin-American Citizens, Brownsville, Texas, from [PERALES], McAllen, Texas, January 2, 1928. Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS CANALES, J. T. (Jose Tomas), 1877-1976 DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans ASSAULT and Battery CRIME and Race DEATH MURDER SÁENZ, José de la Luz, 1888-1953 RACE discrimination PROTESTS and social movements Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [Perales, Alonso S.] Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: LULAC & Sons of America: Correspondence, 1927-1957. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928-01-02 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0050 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant BROWNSVILLE (Tex.) MCALLEN (Tex.) STANTON (Tex.) Description An account of the resource Letter to J. T. Canales from [PERALES] regarding the killings and wounding of three Mexicans in Stanton, Texas. [PERALES] discusses protesting to Governor Dan Moody and demanding punishment. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [HANDWRITTEN - Copy] McAllen, Texas, January 2, 1928. The Honorable J.T. Canales, President General, League of Latin-American Citizens, Brownsville, Texas. My dear Mr. Canales: Pursuant to my verbal promise of December 30th last, I am pleased to enclose herewith a copy of the general letter which I sent to all the Presidents of the Councils of our League. I am enclosing a newspaper clipping bearing on the killing of two Mexicans and the wounding of a third at Stanton, Texas, on or about Thursday, December 22nd. Allow me to suggest that you keep track of this case with a view to ascertaining whether or not the guilty parties, one of whom has already confessed that it was a frame-up to collect rewards of $5000 offered by the Texas State Bankers Association for "dead bank robbers," are punished according to law. If justice would be done they should be electrocuted. If they are sent to [Handwritten - the] penitentary for a term of years, or not punished at all, I am strongly in favor of having our League, as a whole, go on record as protesting emphatically and demanding that the guilty parties be given the punishment they deserve. In such event, it seems to me that you, as President General of our League, should address Governor Dan Moody registering such protest and making such demand, and your letter should be given wide publicity. If you do so you will merely be living up to the professed principles of our League. It will [Cross out - mean; replace with handwritten - show] that we are determined to put into practice what we preach and, incidentally, it will be a ["be a: written two times - copy crossed out] big boost for our League. Think it over, if you will, and let me know if you agree with me on this particular point. The fact that apparently the victims were Mexican citizens should not make any difference as far as our League is concerned, it seems to me, because it is a certainty that the murderers did not stop to think whether or not their-would-be victims were American citizens or not. Prof. J. Luz Saenz, of Peñitas, [empty space] Secretary General of our League has asked me to tell you to feel free to call on him for any assistance which you may need in connection with our League. And right here I avail myself of the opportunity to recommend him very highly as a man of integrity and honor. He is absolutely sincere when he says that he wants to further the general evolution of our race. He is one of the few men in whom I have implicit confidence. He harbors no illegitimate or selfish ambitions and I'll guarantee you that he will never turn a traitor to our cause. With warmest regards and best wishes, I remain Sincerely yours, and a tremendous blow to the ill-intentioned, bigotred cowards that attacked us because of the stand we took in favor of an organization of American citizens of latin descent. Asesinato Canales, J.T. (Jose Tomas) Cartas Crimen y raza Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial League of Latin-American Citizens Manifestaciones y movimientos sociales Muerte Sáenz, José de la Luz http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4844/pera0426_page-0001.jpg d839d37e9e7fd1f20ef786b5a7ca27d7 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4844/pera0426_page-0002.jpg 00d9c55cd031f40455e7bcb012fbd4ea http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4844/pera0426_page-0003.jpg 4b76845bb994c2997c927f563d14ae3f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0426 Title A name given to the resource To the Honorable John G. Sargent, From Alonso S. Perales, Washington, D.C., January 25, 1927 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-01-25 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Police brutality Description An account of the resource Letter from Alonso S. Perales to John G. Sargent, Attorney General of the United States, asking him to investigate an incident in which four Mexican Americans and an Austrian were killed after being suspected of the murder of two sheriffs. Perales notes that although the police allege they were attacked by unknown parties, the community suspects that the police officers were involved or perpetrated the crime. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 "To The Honarable John H. Garner, House of Representatives, From Alonso S. Perales, January 13, 1927.", Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. August 5, 1927. 61—63. http://ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=h6b& AN=76485859&site=ehost-live&ppid=divp61&lpid=divl3 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Raymondville (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Corrupción policiaca Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/5/2292/Leonor_V_Letter.jpg 47877abff241a5e053d67e107ea98e12 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leonor Villegas de Magnón Subject The topic of the resource SPANISH Language MEXICANS WOMEN Revolutionaries MEXICAN Revolution MEXICAN American women in literature Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Villegas de Magnón, Leonor Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Leonor Villegas de Magnón Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Arte Público Press Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant U. S Mexican Border Laredo, Texas Relation A related resource Twitterbot: <a href="https://twitter.com/whoisleonorvil1">Who is Leonor Villegas de Magnon Twitter Bot</a> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Villegas de Magnón, Leonor Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Venustiano Carranza from Leonor Villegas de Magnón Subject The topic of the resource MEXICAN Revolution WOMEN Revolutionaries NURSES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Villegas de Magnón, Leonor Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Leonor Villegas de Magnón Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-03-15 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant TAHOKA (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. activistas activists Carranza, Venustiano Cruz Blanca, La Feminism Feminismo first-hand account HISPANIC Americans Hispanoamericanos Historia de Tejas Latinas Latinas, Mexican Revolution Mexican Revolution Mexicoamericanos Nurses TEXAS Villegas de Magnón, Leonor http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/169/pera0075_001.jpg bb3e5139d8a6e3c1c475142599c360ad http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/169/pera0075_002.jpg d3c1b0358343c3bb03f6d324d2c3bd57 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/169/pera0075_003.jpg 37b9e991c5b0481649c4a2eb1b3bbb89 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To. Sr. Lic. Alonso S. Perales, From Silvestre M. Zepeda, Feb. 19th, 1944. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Zepeda, Silvestre M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-02-19 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. T-W, p227-228. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 MEXICAN American Soldiers MILITARY Personnel DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0075 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter from Silvestre M. Zepeda to Alonso S. Perales regarding discrimination of Mexican American military personnel that took place in San Antonio, Texas. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant SAN Antonio (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Feb. 19th, 1944 Sr. Lic. Alonso S. Perales 714 Gunter Building San Antonio, Texas Apreciable Sr: Habiendo incontrado su importante solicitacion en la prensa Mexicana de San Antonio, Texas en la cual solicita Ud. que se le noticie con brevedad cuando un caso de discriminacion le pase a una persona de origen Mexicano, por lo cual ahoy con ansiedad me dirijo a Ud. pero antes de todo le ruego a Ud.--me perdone mi manera de expresarme asi con Ud. pues deso considerar que le confieso que infortunadamente tengo poca educacion, principalmente en español, de lo cual ciento demaciada pena, pero espero que con paciencia llegue Ud. a comprender lo que aqui en seguida le relatare tocante a un caso de discriminacion que sufrimos yo y dos intimos amigos mios, todos nacidos aqui en los E.U.A. pero de origen Mexicano. El principio de este caso fue asi, dos amigos mios uno de ellos, Ventura Hernandez, quien trabaja en una fundicion de hierro y acero que lleva el nombre de Ft. Worth Steel Mills of Texas, y aquien se le a ortogado un deferment por 6 meses por motivo a que sus servicios en dicha fundicion son esenciales para la defense nacional. el otro es, Manuel Jara, quien hace unos cuantos meses estaba sirviendo en el ejercito de los Estados Unidos pero a quien se le dio un Honorable Discharge de dicho ejercito por motivo a su estado fisico y en la presente tiene un hermano sirviendo en las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos. Estos dos amigos mios entraron a un cafe situado en la calle 114 E. Weatherford St. Ft. Worth Texas. y de dicho lugar es prop. el Sr. de origen blanco o Americano como Ud. mejor sepa nombrarle, y a dichos amigos se les nego servicio por excusa cual ninguna nada mas por que eran mexicanos. Esto paso el dia 7 de Feb. de 1944, y el dia siguiente dichos amigos me contaron lo que les habia pasado. Yo de pronto les dije que tal vez habria habido algun error y les pedi que me llevaran a dicho establecimiento Manuel, Ventura y yo y de nuevo sucedio lo que lla mis- amigos me habian anticipado, se nos nego servicio por motivo a- que eramos Mexicanos, yo trate de pedirle explicacion alguna a dicho prop. de dicho lugar y me contesto que el no le servia a Mexicanos y era todo y que no tenia tiempo para darme explicacion alguna y que nos retiraramos en seguida, lo cual hicimos-- sin provocarle de ninguna manera. pero si hise una cosa que no-se si Ud. me lo tomara a bien o a mal. escribi una carta y se la lleve al editor de la Ft. Worth Press quien me hiso el favor de publicarla en dicho periodico el dia 18 de Feb. de 1944 y de dicha publicacion aqui le mando una copia, que es una cosa que siempre se hace pero es a todo lo que llega y nada mas. [page 2] Feb. 19 de 1944 Sr. Alonso S. Perales 714 Gunter Building San Antonio, Texas Estimado Sr. Tal vez para esta fecha lla recibio mi carta anterior en la cual le relate de un acto de discriminacion y creo que se me paso poner el nombre completo del individo que es el prop. de dicho lugar por lo cual aqui en seguida se lo mando. Su Atto [abbreviation: atento] y S.S. [abbreviation: seguro servidor] S.M. Zepeda ** M.A. Johnson 114 E. Weatherford St. Fort Worth, Texas. Cartas Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Perales, Alonso S. Personal Militar Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos Zepeda, Silvestre M.