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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Collection</text>
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                  <text>Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage</text>
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                  <text>Perales, Alonso S. </text>
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                  <text>PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections </text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.</text>
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                  <text>Perales, Alonso S.  </text>
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                <text>To Honorable Tom Connally, United States Senator, From [PERALES], Director General, The League of Loyal Americans, Feb. 28, 1941.</text>
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                <text>CONNALLY, Tom, 1877-1963</text>
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                <text>Letter urging Senator Tom Connolly to consider proposing a federal Anti-Race Hatred Law designed to end racial prejudices. This request comes as a response to prejudices witnessed against people of Mexican descent in Texas.</text>
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                <text>[Perales, Alonso S.]</text>
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                <text>Alonso S. Perales Collection: The Committee of One Hundred Citizens &amp; the League of Loyal Citizens, 1927-1954, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections</text>
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                <text>EBSCO Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</text>
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                <text>WASHINGTON (D.C.)</text>
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                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
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                <text>Feb. 28, 1941&#13;
&#13;
Honor[illegible: a]ble [Honorable] Tom Connaly,&#13;
United States Senator,&#13;
The Capitol,&#13;
Washington, D.C.&#13;
&#13;
Dear Senator Connally:&#13;
&#13;
Many thanks for yor letter of February 10th, which we have read very carefully. You have no idea how much we appreciate your courtesy in answering our letter.&#13;
&#13;
Now, in your letter under acknowledgement you state that the particular matters about which we complain, with respect to barber shops, restaurants, theatres, dance halls and other public places are matters wholly within the jurisdiction of State authorities and cannot be regulated or controlled by Federal Law. With all due respect to your opinion, we believe Congress could pass an Anti-Race Hatred Law similar to the one now in force in the State of New Jersey, pursuant to that part of the preamble of the Constitution which says: x x x "provid[missing: e] for the common defense, promote the general welfare". When by Federal Law we shall have put an end to the fomenting of racial prejudice against members of the Caucasian Race in the United States, we shall have contributed greatly toward the unity and solidarity which we need for our common defense, thus insuring the safety of our Republic and of the Western Hemisphere; and, moreover, we shall have taken a decided step forward in promoting the general welfare of our people. Our Federal Government does not tolerate strikes during a national emergency. Why tolerate the fomenting of racial prejudices, by word or deed, during our present national emergency? Please give this matter a little more thought and discuss same with Senator Morris Sheppard. We prefer a Federal Law because then we know we will get results. In Texas, because of the racial prejudice which unfortunately exists, I doubt very much, judging from past experience, whether a jury would convict anyone charged with fomenting prejudice against persons of Mexican descent. The State would get the same results that it obtained recently, in Bexar County, in the Mauricio Aguirre case. Aguirre was murdered by a man named Wiley Pearson The State made a perfect case. Yet the jury acquitted Pearson. It was an Anglo-American jury. So mjuch for this phase of the matter.&#13;
&#13;
You say nothing in your letter regarding my other suggestion; namely that our Federal Government make available immediately a corps of cultured Anglo-Americans to initiate and conduct a vigorous educational campaign among Anglo-Americans designed to end all racial prejudices in so far as members of the Caucasian Race are concerned.</text>
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                  <text>Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952)</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections.</text>
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                  <text>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2.</text>
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                  <text>Perales, Alonso S.</text>
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                  <text>Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1"&gt;Alonso S. Perales Collection&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Texas</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y  pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos.&#13;
Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas.</text>
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                <text>To Honorable Herbert L. Lavis, San Antonio, Texas, From [Alonso S. Perales], San Antonio, Texas, December 13, 1933</text>
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                <text>1933-12-13</text>
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                <text> Perales, Alonso S. 1898-1960</text>
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                <text> Racial discrimination</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4534">
                <text>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4535">
                <text>JPEG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4536">
                <text>Still Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="4537">
                <text>pera0104</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="70801">
                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="52">
        <name>Perales, Alonso S.</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="213">
        <name>Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
