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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
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Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
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Arte Público Press
Language
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Spanish
English
Creator
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Perales, Alonso S.
Format
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JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Some Places Where Mexicans are Discriminated Against in Texas Either by Denying them Service or by Segregating them from Anglo-Americans
Description
An account of the resource
A list compiled by Alonso S. Perales from affidavits of places where people of Mexican descent were denied service or segregated in Texas.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
Perales, Alonso S. <em>Are We Good Neighbors? </em>1948. <span>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</span>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1934-01-15
Format
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JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0080
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Angelo (Tex.)
ROTAN (Tex.)
FREDERICKSBURG (Tex.)
UVALDE (Tex.)
LUBBOCK (Tex.)
SEAGRAVES (Tex.)
MCCAMEY (Tex.)
SPRING (Tex.)
SPUR (Tex.)
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
SNYDER (Tex.)
ROBSTOWN (Tex.)
MIDLAND (Tex.)
MELVIN (Tex.)
CORPUS Christi (Tex.)
O'DONNELL (Tex.)
SEMINOLE (Tex.)
HASKELL (Tex.)
BRADY (Tex.)
LAMESA (Tex.)
WICHITA Falls (Tex.)
NEW Braunfels (Tex.)
WACO (Tex.)
BOERNE (Tex.)
VICTORIA (Tex.)
EDNA (Tex.)
FORT Stockton (Tex.)
PECOS (Tex.)
BALMORHEA (Tex.)
TAHOKA (Tex.)
SUGARLAND (Tex.)
RUNGE (Tex.)
LULING (Tex.)
STRAWN (Tex.)
SINTON (Tex.)
BIG Spring (Tex.)
COLEMAN (Tex.)
GERONIMO (TEX.)
SLATON (Tex.)
UNITED States--Texas--Colorado
PEARLAND (Tex.)
CAMERON (Tex.)
JUNCTION (Tex.)
HUTTO (Tex.)
ROUND Rock (Tex.)
FORT Worth (Tex.)
MCALLEN (Tex.)
PANDORA (Tex.)
ROSEBUD (Tex.)
ELGIN (Tex.)
BASTROP (Tex.)
MCQUEENEY (Tex.)
POST (Tex.)
LOCKHART (Tex.)
GONZALES (Tex.)
SAN Marcos (Tex.)
ANSON (Tex.)
ROSCOE (Tex.)
LITTLEFIELD (Tex.)
AUSTIN (Tex.)
GANADO (Tex.)
GOLIAD (Tex.)
MASON (Tex.)
CLEBURNE (Tex.)
HONDO (Tex.)
BORGER (Tex.)
BEEVILLE (Tex.)
DEVINE (Tex.)
CALVERT (Tex.)
OZONA (Tex.)
ALICE (Tex.)
ALPINE (Tex.)
MARATHON (Tex.)
HARLINGEN (Tex.)
POTEET (Tex.)
SEGUIN (Tex.)
WHARTON (Tex.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
BARS (Drinking Establishments) --Texas
CIVIL service ethics – United States
COMPLAINT letters
DISCRIMINATION
DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans
RACE discrimination in education
DISCRIMINATION in housing
EDUCATION--Children
ETHNIC discrimination
HISPANIC Americans--education
MEXICAN Americans--Education
MEXICAN American Soldiers
MILITARY Personnel
RACE discrimination - public establishments
RACE discrimination - restaurants
SEGREGATION in education.
SHOP signs
VETERAN
Relation
A related resource
Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." <a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://arcg.is/1C1bbv</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
[Header Begin - Underline] [Begin capitalization]
SOME PLACES WHERE MEXICANS ARE DISCRIMINATED AGAINST IN TEXAS EITHER BY DENYING THEM SERVICE OR SEGREGATING THEM FROM ANGLO-AMERICANS. [Header End] [End capitalization]
[Begin capitalization] [Illegible - SAN] ANGELO, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Texas Grill, N. Chadbourne St., owned by George Wylie. Curry Drug Store. Coney Island Sandwich Shop, 214 S. Chadbourne St. Wilson's Lunch, 125 N. Chadbourne St. Red Top Inn, 1302 N. Chadbourne St., proprietor: Ed Motl. Mexicans denied service.
[Begin capitalization] ROTAN, TEXAS. [Underlined] [End capitalization] City Barber Shop, Vittitow Barber Shop, Alton Parker Barber Shop. All these Barber Shops denied service to Sgt. Alexander Martinez [Word partially blackened out] Paratrooper Frank Velaz, Pct. William Gonzalez and about fifty [Illegible - soldiers] more. Mexicans are also denied service in restaurants and drug stores.
[Begin capitalization] FREDERICKSBURG, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Downtown Cafe, 323 East Main St. On March 7, 1944, the following members of the Armed Forces of the United States were denied service. They were told that they could not be served in the front of the Cafe, but they could be served in the kitchen. Jose Alvarez [Partial Illegible] Fuentes, Seaman Second Class, United States Nacy, Private Joe [Partical Illegible] D. Salas, A.S.N. 38557190, Company B, 65th Battalion, M.R.T.C., United States Army, Private Paul R. Ramos, A.S.N. 38557007, Company B, 65th Battalion, M.R.T.C., United States Army, and Seaman Juan Garcia, United States Navy.
[Begin capitalization] UVALDE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Dinette Restaurant. On April 8, 1944, Pfc. Cruz M. Rodriguez and Pvt. Lydia Rodriguez, both members of the United States Army, were denied service.
[Begin capitalization] LUBBOCK, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexican-American members of the Armed Forces of the United States, and [pe rsons - partial separation] of Mexican descent generally, have been denied service at the following business establishments: Ben's Care, 813 13th St. - 805 Broadway. Ben Kinard, proprietor. Brown's Drug Store, Cafe Department, Broadway Ave. Luby's Cafeteria, Broad-way Ave. Weis Motor Co., Texas Ave. Cammack Drug Co., Broadway Ave., Cafe Department. Jack-o-Lantern Cafe, 1220 Broadway Ave., F. W. Woolworth Co., Restaurant Department, Broadway Ave. Post Office Drug Store, Cafe Department, Avenue C. All Anglo-American Barber Shops. Mexicans are segregated from Anglo-Americans at the City Bus Station. Several hotels and apartment houses will not rent accommodations to Mexicans. Mexicans are denied the privilege of renting houses in certain sections of the city.
[Begin capitalization] SEAGRAVES, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service at all of the Anglo-American cafes, and are denied admission to the theatre.
[Begin capitalization] McCAMEY, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Club Cafe and three other Cafes. Mexicans are denied service. They are denied service also at the Anglo-American Barber Shops.
[Begin capitalization] SPRING, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service at the Cafes and are segregated from the Anglo-Americans at the theatres. At the U.S, Army Aviate Field there is a sign stating that any soldier who considers himself white shall not cross into the Mexican section of the city.
[Begin capitalization] SPUR, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Palace Theatre. Mexicans segregated from Anglo-Americans. Hagan's Barber Shop, Spur Barber Shop, Cayce's Barber Shop, Johnson's Barber Shop, City Drug Co., Red Front Drug. Mexicans are denied service. The City Drug Store denied Pvt. Pedro Hernandez of the U.S, Army, a drink of water in the heat of last summer. There are two dentists at Spur, Texas, who have separate chairs for Mexicans.
[Begin capitalization] SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Barber Shop owned by Gus Siebenniecker, on Cupple s Road. Mexicans are denied service. At Terrell Wells Swim-ming Pool owned by H.F, Sturmberg, Mexicans are denied admittance regardless of their social position. There are several other business places in the Count of Bexar where Mexicans are discrimin-ated against. Also, there are several residential districts where Mexicans, irrespective of their social position, are denied the privilege of residing.
[Begin capitalization] SNYDER, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service at restaurants and barber shops. A Mexican is not even permitted to have his shoes shined in an Anglo-American barber shop.
-2-
[Begin capitalization] SNYDER, TEXAS (Continued) [End capitalization] Dental services were denied to the mother of a U.S. soldier of Mexican descent by Dr. J.G. Hicks. A young lady came out and informed the patient that Dr. Hicks did not work for colored people.
[Begin capitalization] ROBSTOWN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Persons of Mexican descent denied service at the Steak House. At the Robstown Hospital owned by Dr. N.T, Gibson, persons of Mexican descent were denied admittance to a comfortably furnished waiting room intended for Anglo-Americans, and instead were required to wait in a poorly furnished waiting room intended for colored people. Two of the persons actually evicted from the Anglo-American waiting room and requested to go into the waiting room for colored people were Rev. Jesus Rios, Pastor of the Robstown Baptist Church, and his wife. Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children: in the elementary schools of Robstown, Texas.
[Begin capitalization] BLUNTZER, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children in the elementary school. The best building was assigned to the Anglo-American children while a filthy shack was assigned to the Mexican children.
[Begin capitalization] MIDLAND, TEXAS. [UNDERLINED] [End capitalization] Persons of Mexican descent are segregated from the Anglo-Americans and required to sit in a section upstairs, which is reserved for Negroes, at the [Illegible -Ycca], Ritz and Rex Theatres. Mexicans are denied service at restaurants. The Ritz Cafe even had a sign reading NO MEXICANS ALLOWED. Five soldiers of Mexican descent were denied service there merely because of the racial lineage.
The civilian police are very hard on persons of Mexican descent. The following incident reflects their attitude toward persons of Mexican extraction. One day an American soldier of Mexican descent was walking down the street with a girl of German descent, and a policeman called her and told her not to go around with Mexicans, that it was a disgrace for "White" people to go around with Mexicans.
Children of Mexican descent are segregated from Anglo-Amercian children in the elementary schools.
Persons of Mexican descent are not permitted to attend the Catholic Church when services are being held for Anglo-Americans. On Sunday, May 7, 1944, about 9:00 A.M., two Mexican boys were requested to leave Church. The usher informed them that that was a mass for "White" people only.
[Begin capitalization] MELVIN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Children of Mexican descent are segregated from the Anglo-American children in the elementary schools.
A Community Center and Library Building built by the National Youth Administration has been denied for the use of it for PTA meetings. Ladies of Mexican extraction have been denied the use of the restroom in said building.
[Begin capitalization] CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS. [End capitalization] A Chancellor of the Mexican Consulate was charged 10¢ for a soft drink that was worth 5¢ at a Drive-In stand. When he inquired why he was told that because he was a Mexican Persons of Mexican descent have been discriminated against in several other business establishments. Also there is opposition on the part of Anglo-Americans to persons of Mexican descent residing in the districts intended for Anglo-American residents.
The City Council of Corpus Christi refused to pass an ordinance forbidding discrimination against Mexicans in local business establishments.
[Begin capitalization] NIXON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Service is denied to Mexicans at the White Spot Cafe.
[Begin capitalization] O'DONNELL, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Persons of Mexican descent are denied service at the Middel S. Cafe.
[Begin capitalization] SEMINOLE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans denied service at the Chuck Wagon Caf [Missing the "e" and the period]
[Begin capitalization] HASKELL, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Service is denied to Mexicans at the Reid's Drug Store.
[Begin capitalization] BRADY, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Service denied Mexicans at the F.Y. Barbeque (Illegible - Pit] At the Brady Public Park there is asign reading: "This park is for Whites. Negroes and Mexicans keep out." Mexican children are segregated from Anglo-American scholl children in the elementary schools. Mexicans, including American soldiers of Mexican descent, are denied service at restaurants and drug stores. The "Waffle Shop" is another place where Mexicans are not served.
- 3 -
[Begin capitalization] NEWGULF, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are refused service in public business establishments in Newgulf, Wharton, Boling and neighboring towns.
[Begin capitalization] LAMESA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are refused service in public business establishments. Bill's Cafe and the Blue Bonnett Cafe are two of them
[Begin capitalization] [End capitalization] WICHITA FALLS, TEXAS. Domestic Egg [Slightly illegible -Plant], Inc., 1900 Bluff [Illegible - St.,] Wichita Laundry, 602 Austin St., Pond Laundry, 602 Ohio St. Wives and other relatives of United States soldiers of Mexican descent [Illegible - are] denied employment merely because they are of Mexican lineage.
[Begin capitalization] NEW BRAUNFELS, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Ivey Green Cafe. mexicans are denied service. [Illegible - Landa] Park. Mexicans are denied admittance. South Amer-cans have been segregated from Anglo-Americans. They have been [Illegible - told] “Those tables over there are for South Americans. These are for "White people only."
[Begin capitalization] WACO, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are placed together with Negroes in the County Jail of McClennan County, Texas.
[Begin capitalization] BOERNE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are segregated from the Anglo-Americans at the Cascade Theatre. Mexicans are denied admission to the Boerne Municipal Swimming Pool, which is owned by the City of Boerne.
[Begin capitalization] VICTORIA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Hi-Way Cafe, S. Moody Owner: F.H. Jay. Omas Cafe, 211 S. Main St. Rips Cafe, Port Lavaca Highway. Baker's Place S. Main St. Round House Bar, 211 S. Cameron St. Mexicans are denied service. Service is also denied to American soldiers of Mexican des-cent.
[Begin capitalization] EDNA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Dahlstrom Eats. Ed's Cafe. Cozy Cafe. Ronnels Cafe. Two other Cafes. Mexicans, including American soldiers of Mexican descent, are denied service.
[Begin capitalization] FORT STOCKTON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] The Pecos Theatre. Mexicans are not admitted to the first floor, only in the balcony. The Comanche Swim-ming Pool. Mexicans are not allowed to go into the Comanche Swimming Pool.
[Begin capitalization] PECOS, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service in Anglo-American Hotels, Cafes, Beer Parlos and recreational Centers. In the theatres they are placed together with the Negroes. In the Anglo-American stores Anglo-Americans are waited on first, even if the Mexicans arrived first.
[Begin capitalization] BALMORRHEA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are not admitted to the Public Park Not even Boy Scouts of Mexican descent are admitted. Representative Borunda, of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, was denied service at a cafe.
[Begin capitalization] TAHOKA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] D. and F. Drugs - Luncheonette. Lee's Cafe. Owner: Lee Montadilen. Victory Cafe. Owner: Joe T. Mosley. There are other places besides these ones.
[Begin capitalization] SUGARLAND, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are mistreated by foremen in agricultural fields. Children are segregated in schools. Mexicans are placed together with the Negroes in the hospital.
[Begin capitalization] RUNGE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Manda's Cafe. Owner: Miss Groos. Mexicans are denied service.
[Begin capitalization] LULING, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Cottage Inn. Owner: Gus Terrell. Mexicans are served in the kitchen only. Hi-way Inn Cafe. Owner: T.A. Landrith; Mexicans are served here, but they are segregated from the Anglo-Americans. Frenchy's Sandwich Shop. Mexicans are denied service. J.R. Mackey Drug Co. Owner: C.R. Mackey. Mexicans are not served inside the establishment. Ice cream is sold to them, but they must [Misspelling – each] it outside. Mehner Drug Co. Owner: Geo. Mehner. Watkins Drugs Owner: Bill Watkins. Green Cross Pharmacy. Owner: Dr. Clay Nichols. Mexicans are denied service in these drug stores also, but ice cream is sold to them and they have to eat it outside. Southern Cafe. Mexicans are denied service. Dr. J.T. O'Banion. He segregates the Mexicans from the Anglo-Americans in his office.
[Begin capitalization] STRAWN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service at all Anglo-American barber shops, and they are segregated from the Anglo-Americans at the theatre.
[Begin capitalization] UVALDE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans, including American soldiers of Mexican descent, are denied service at all Anglo-American barber shops and at
- 4 -
the following Anglo-American business establishments: Dinette Cafe. Newport. Owner: Mr. Midget. Shadowland Cafe and Beer Parlos, owner Robert Fullingwater. Walgreen's Drug Store, owners Spears Bros. Hangar Six Cafe. Palace Drug Store. Uvalde Candy Shoppe. Manhattan Cafe. Casey Jones Cafe and Beer Parlos, owner Casey [Illegible - Jones.] Casal Cave, owner Henry Casal.
[Begin capitalization] SINTON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Dodson Cafe, owner Mr. Dodson. Steak House [Illegible - Cafe] Mexicans are denied service.
[Begin capitalization] BIG SPRING, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Pales Lunch Room, 104 Main St. Waffer Cafe, Quick Lunch, Main St. A. F. Lunch, 207 Main St. Clover Grill Cafe.
[Begin capitalization] COLEMAN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are seated with the Negroes at the theatres. The names of the theatres are Dixie, Gem and Howell. Ten Anglo-American restaurants are denying service to Mexicans.
[Begin capitalization] ROCK SPRINGS, TEXAS. [End capitalization] In the month of August, 1944, Luis [Parially illegible - Gonzales] Jr., of Rock springs, was denied service at Smith's Cafe. Several other [Spelling - A merican] soldiers of Mexican descent have been denied service also. One of them is Trinidad Perez. Both Perez and Gonzales were wearing the uniform of the United States Army at the time they [partially illegible - were] thus humiliated. Perez was wounded in action and is now discharged.
[Begin capitalization] SUDEN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Blondie Cafe, owner Blondie Puckett. On Oct. 7 1944, he refused service to two men of Mexican descent who had gone into the restaurant accompanied by an Anglo-American friend of theirs. The Anglo-American invited them to have a cup of coffee with him. When they went in the owner of the Cafe asked the Mexican men if they were Mexicans and whey they answered in the affirmative, he told them to get out.
[Begin capitalization] GERONIMO, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American [Misspelling – chidlren] in the public schools.
[Begin capitalization] SLATON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service in several public business establishments.
[Begin capitalization] COLORADO, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service in several public business establishments.
[Begin capitalization] PEARLAND, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children up to the seventh grade in the public schools of Pearland, Brazoria County, Texas.
[Begin capitalization] CAMERON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children up to the seventh grade in the public schools of Cameron. Mexicans are segregated from the Anglo-Americans in the theatre. In clothing stores, Mexicans are not permitted to try on the clothes before they purchase same. Mexicans are denied service in several public business establishments.
[Begin capitalization] JUNCTION, TEXAS. [End capitalization] City Cafe, Manager John R, Kenard. Cozy Cafe, Manager Buddie Hunt. Mexicans are denied service.
[Begin capitalization] HUTTO, TEXAS. [End capitalization] There is a restaurant where Mexicans are denied service in the front part of the establishment. They are [Misspelling - todl] to go out and to the rear door of the place. That is where Negroes are served.
[Begin capitalization] ROUND ROCK, TEXAS. [End capitalization] There are two restaurants where Mexicans are denied service.
[Begin capitalization] FORT WORTH, TEXAS. [End capitalization] At a restaurant owned by M.A. Johnson, 114 E. Weatherford St., Fort Worth, Texas, Mexicans, including American soldiers of Mexican descent, are denied service. When asked why the said proprietor answers that he does not serve Mexicans and that he does not have time to explain any further.
[Begin capitalization] LOLITA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children in the public schools.
[Begin capitalization] MCALLEN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] W.E, Hester, owner of the Broadway Service Station, refuses to permit Mexicans to drink water sold at said station merely because they are Mexicans.
[Begin capitalization] PANDORA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service in several public business establishments.
- 5 -
[Begin capitalization] ROSEBUD, TEXAS: [End capitalization] At the public [Misspelling - hsopital] Mexicans are segregated from the Anglo-Americans and are placed together with the Negroes. To go into the hospital they have to go through a rear door that has a sign reading: "Entrance for Negroes and Mexicans." Mexicans are denied service at the Imperial Cafe. The [Illegible - owner] published an announce-ment in a local newspaper reading as follows: "Mexicans are not served at the Imperial Cafe. There is a dentist that segregates Mexicans from Anglo-Americans and does not permit the Mexicans to go through the same door that Anglo-Americans use. he wants Mexicans to go through a rear door into a room designated for negroes and seats Mexicans upon the chair used by Negros, and he charges Mexicans more for his services than he does Anglo-[Partial illegible - Americans].
[Begin capitalization] ELGIN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service in several business establishments. At cafes and restaurants they are told to go to the kitchen if they want to be served. American soldiers of Mexican des-cent are treated likewise. The Elgin Cafe and the McLellan Hotel refuse service to Mexicans.
[Begin capitalization] BASTROP, TEXAS. [End capitalization] There are several business establishments where Mexicans are not served. The owner of a cafe situated on Main Street very frankly stated: "We do not serve Mexicans." In some cafes Mexicans are served in the kitchen.
[Begin capitalization] MCQUEENEY, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are not permitted to visit Breeze Lake. They even refuse to sell them hamburgers at a stand there. American soldiers of Mexican descent have likewise been humiliated.
[Begin capitalization] NEWBRAUNFELS, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Marion Cafe, 180 San Antonio Avenue. Mexicans are denied service at this and other business establishments.
[Begin capitalization] POST, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Only one of the 5 Anglo-American restaurants serve Mexicans. the other four restaurants refuse to serve Mexicans and they have signs reading: "No Mexicans Served" and "No Mexicans Wanted.
[Begin capitalization] LOCKHART, TEXAS. [End capitalization] On July 4, 1941, a number of Mexicans attended a dance which was being held on one of the main streets of Lockhart. About 11:00 P.M. the orchestra announcer made, substantially, the following announcement: "I have been asked to make this announcement: that all Spanish people gathered here must leave the block, since this is an American celebration.
[Begin capitalization] GONZALES, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Four well dressed young men of Mexican descent were denied service at Michelson Cafe.
[Begin capitalization] FORT STOCKTON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Private First Class L.A. Moreno, Troop A, Fifth Cavalry, Fort Bliss, Texas, was denied service at the Holly-wood Cafe at Fort Stockton, Texas. He was told that if he wanted something to eat, he would have to go around the back and into the kitchen.
[Begin capitalization] SAN MARCOS, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexican women are not permitted to use the rest room designated for Anglo-American women at the Court House in San Marcos, Texas. Mexicans are denied service in several restaurants and drug stores. Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children in the public schools.
Anson, Texas. Sommer's Cafe. Mexicans are denied service.
[Begin capitalization] ROSCOE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service in every Anglo-American restaurant and barber shop.
[Begin capitalization] STERLING CITY, TEXAS. [End capitalization] There is a restaurant that refuses to serve Mexicans, [Partial Illegible - unless] they are willing to eat the food outside.
[Begin capitalization] LITTLEFIELD, TEXAS. [End capitalization] There is a soda fountain that refuses to sell to Mexicans, unless they are willing to eat the ice cream out-side.
[Begin capitalization] AUSTIN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are segregated from the Anglo-[Partially Illegible -American) patients at the Public Hospital. There are several residential districts where Mexicans, irrespective of their social position, are denied the privilege of residing.
[Begin capitalization] NATALIA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Cox Place. Dick's Cafe, Owner W.R. Lay. Mexicans are denied service.
[Begin capitalization] GANADO, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Lee Konce Cafe, Macon Cafe. Mexicans are denied service in the dining room where Anglo-[Misspelling - Americansare] served. Mexicans are told to go into a room designed for Negroes.
- 6 -
[Begin capitalization] GOLIAD, TEXAS. [End capitalization] There is a restaurant that denies service to Mexicans. One day a Mexican asked the [Illegible - proprietor] why he refused to serve Mexicans and in reply the proprietor [Illegible - got] out a pistol and told him to get out of the place.
[Begin capitalization] MASON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] King's Cafe. Service denied to Mexicans.
[Begin capitalization] CLEBURNE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are segregated from the Anglo-Amer-ican patients in every railroad company hospital. Mexicans are placed together with the Negro patients.
[Begin capitalization] HONDO, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are segregated from the Anglo-[Slightly Illegible - Americans] at the Ray Theatre. Mexicans are told that they cannot sit with the Anglo-Americans because Mexicans are not "Whites."
[Begin capitalization] HAPPY, TEXAS. [End capitalization] There is a restaurant that denies service to Mexicans.
[Begin capitalization] BORGER, TEXAS. [End capitalization] DeLuxe Barber Shop denies service to Mexicans.
[Begin capitalization] BEEVILLE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Gaun Rooming House. A war worker of Mexican descent was denied a room merely because he was of Mexican lineage. Three Anglo-American war workers went with the Mexican and applied for rooms at the same.time. The three Anglo-Americans got the room, but the Mexican did not.
[Begin capitalization] DEVINE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Gene's Grill, owner Mrs. Thelma Bohl. On August 14, 1943, two respectable Mexicans went in and sat at a table. An Anglo-American man was sitting at one end of said table. Just then the proprietress came to where the Mexicans were and said to them: "What you boys are doing sitting over here? Can't you boys see that a white man is drinking at this table? (Misspelling - Don(t) you know the difference between a white man and you all?"
[Begin capitalization] CALVERT, TEXAS. [End capitalization] The Robertson County War Price and Rationing Board has refused to issue gasoline coupons to a farmer of Mexican descent notwithstanding that he is entitled to them. The [Misspelling - complain-ant] says the reason he has been thus treated is that he is a Mexican.
[Begin capitalization] OZONA, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Hancock's Cafe. Ozona Drug Store, Ozona Hotel. Butler Cafe, Smith Drug Store. Mexicans denied service. Mexicans are segregated from the Anglo-Americans and placed with the Negroes at the Ozona Theatre. Mr. Alejos Lara, who has two sons in the U.S. Army and who were wounded in action, was denied service at the Ozona Drug Store. Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children in the elementary and high schools of Ozona.
[Begin capitalization] ALICE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans are denied service in every Anglo-Amer-ican Barber Shop. Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children in the elementary schools of Alice.
[Begin capitalization] ALPINE, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Mexicans, including American soldiers of Mexican descent, are segregated from the Anglo-Americans at the theatre and are placed together with the Negroes. The owner of a pool hall refuses to permit American soldiers and sailors of Mexican descent to play there.
[Begin capitalization] MARATHON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] A big "No Mexicans Allowed" sign was placed in front of a Cafe, and when the Mexican people protested, a bigger and better (?) sign was replaced it.
[Begin capitalization] HARLINGEN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] A group of High School students, some of them of German and Japanese extraction, went to a public swimming pool and although we are at war with Germany and Japan nothing was said about them, but even though Mexico is our ally, our boys of Mexican [Partially illegible - descent] were [Misspelling - encluded].
[Begin capitalization] POTEET, TEXAS. [End capitalization] At a 4th of July celebration on the public high way, a certain space was roped in "for white people to dance in" and the Mexicans present were told to go and dance elsewhere, as they were not welcome there.
[Begin capitalization] SEGUIN, TEXAS. [End capitalization] A [Misspelling - toop] of Boy Scouts of American of Mexican descent, carrying the national colors, were evicted from [Illegible - Stareke] Park (a municipal park0 because it is supposed to be "for whites only."
- 7 -
[Begin capitalization] WHARTON, TEXAS. [End capitalization] Persons of Mexican descent are discriminated in several business establishments. Until [Illegible - this] Americans [Illegible - of] Mexican descent were not allowed to vote in [Illegible - Wharton] County.
Horton, Texas; Richmond, Texas; [Illegible - Matagorda], Texas; Brazoria, Texas; Bay City, Texas; Angleton, Texas; [Illegible - Stanton], Texas; Amarillo, Texas; Greenville, Texas; Jacksonville, Texas; Cleveland, Texas; Braunfield, Texas; Levelland, Texas; Shamrock, Texas. In all these towns, and cities, there are business establishments were Mexicans are denied service.
The Mexican children are segregated from the Anglo-American children in the public schools of nearly every town and city in Texas.
In nearly every town and city in Texas there are residential districts where Mexicans are not permitted to reside.
The purpose has been to keep the Mexican at arms length and to treat him as an inferior.
The same situation exists in the States of Arizona, Colorado, California and a part of New Mexico.
Bars (establecimiento de bebidas) -- Texas
Bluntzer
Cartas de queja
Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos
Discriminación en la educación
Discriminación en vivienda
Discriminación étnica
Discriminación racial - establecimientos públicos
Discriminación racial - restaurantes
Discrimination
Educación--Niños
Estados Unidos--Estados suroeste
Ética de los empleos públicos - Estados Unidos
Hispanoamericanos -- Educación
Letreros
Mexicoamericanos -- Educación
Natalia
NewGulf
Nixon
Personal Militar
Rock Spring
Segregación en la educación
Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos
Sterling City
Veterano
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/109/pera0079.jpg
ebe7d6fb4546954325af79300b73ff6c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Affidavit sworn by Beatriz Balboa de Espino and Zenobia Silva de Aguirre to Alonso S. Perales
Description
An account of the resource
Affidavit sworn by Beatriz Balboa de Espino and Zenobia Silva de Aguirre stating that they visited the Office of R.L. White Co. where they were told they could not rent a house because they were not white.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Balboa de Espino, Beatriz
Silva de Aguirre, Zenobia
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Perales, Alonso S.<em> Are We Good Neighbors?</em> .January 1, 1948. <span>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</span>
Alonso S. Perales Papers. University of Houston Libraries Special Collecctions
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Artes Gráficas
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-01-26
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Alonso S. Perales
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0079
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
AFFIDAVITS
RACE discrimination - public establishments
DISCRIMINATION in housing
DISCRIMINATION
MILITARY Personnel
MEXICAN American Soldiers
Relation
A related resource
Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." <a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://arcg.is/1C1bbv</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
[BEGIN HEADER] THE STATE OF TEXAS, COUNTY OF BEXAR [END HEADER]
Our names are Beatriz Balboa de Espino and Zenobia Silva de Aguirre, ages 33 years and 23 years, respectively, and married. We reside at 523 Santa Clara Street, in San Antonio, Texas.
About 2:00 P.M., to-day we called at the Office of R. L. White Co. 314 Nolan Street, San Antonio, Texas, and made application to rent a house situated on Elm Street. We had seen a "For Rent" sign on said house which stated that any one interested should apply at the Office of R. L, White Co. When we told the young lady at the office of the R. L. White Co., that we wanted to rent the house on Elm Street she replied: "We don't rent to Spanish people. We rent to whites". Mrs. Beatriz Balboa de Espino asked her: "What is the matter with Spanish people?" and she replied: "We have our choice to rent it to whomever we want to." Whereupon Mrs. Beatriz Balboa de Espino retorted: "But they can go to war all right, can't they?". whereupon the young lady said: "Well get out, get out, I don't want to be bothered."
Speaking for herself the said Beatriz Balboa de Espino fur-ther says: I have two brothers in the United States Army; one is stationed in England and the other is in Wisconsin.
Speaking for herself the said Zenobia Silvia de Aguirre further says: My husband, Daniel Aguirre, is in the United States Army and is stationed in India. I also have a brother-in-law (the husband of a sister of mine) serving in the United States Army overseas. I wanted to rent the house on Elm Street in order that my family and myself might occupy it as a homestead.
Further deponents sayeth not.
Beatriz Balboa de Espino
Zenobia Silva de Aguirre
Sworn to and subscribed before me this 26th day of January, A.D. 1944.
Alonso S. Perales,
Notary Public in and for Bexar County, Texas.
Declaración jurada
Discriminación en vivienda
Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos
Discrimination
Personal Militar
Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/110/pera0078.jpg
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999ede06ba6a1ad5271c0a9eddb39aa0
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Affidavit sworn by Dionicio Mendez Ortiz to Alonso S. Perales
Description
An account of the resource
Affidavit sworn by Dionicio Mendez Ortiz stating that he was turned away at a barber shop and a restaurant, then slapped by the sheriff.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ortiz, Dionicio Mendez
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Perales, Alonso S.<em> Are We Good Neighbors?</em> 1948. <span>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</span>
Alonso S. Perales Papers. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Artes Gráficas
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-12-03
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Gonzales, M.C.
Mendez, Eron
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0078
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
CALDWELL County (Tex.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
AFFIDAVITS
MILITARY
RACE discrimination - public establishments
RACE discrimination - restaurants
MILITARY Personnel
DISCRIMINATION
MEXICAN American Soldiers
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Relation
A related resource
Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." <a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://arcg.is/1C1bbv</a>.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, COUNTY OF BEXAR
"My name is Dionicio Mendez Ortiz; I was born in Lockhart, Caldwell County, Texas; I am 19 years of age; I enlisted in the Army of the United States on April 1943; I attended the public schools at Lockhart and went as high as the fourth grade; I have lived practically all my life at Lockhart.
"On Wednesday, December 1st 1943, at about 2:30 P.M., I approached a barber shop located at 111 San Antonio Street in Lockhart and saw a colored boy shining shoes; I was accompanied by Eron Mendez, who was also born and reared at Lockhart, and I entered the barber shop for the purpose of getting my shoes shined; I was wearing the uniform of a Private in the United States Army, Medical Corps; the colored boy told me that he could not shine my shoes, I asked him why, and he said he could not tell me and for me to talk to the boss. The owner was cutting the hair to a customer and I asked him why I could not get my shoes shined in his barber shop. He stated that he could not permit me to have my shoes shined, but he would not give me any specific reason; then, he grabbed a hold of my coat by the chest with one hand and he doubled up his fist with the other and began pushing me backwards, so I decided to leave the place.
I then went to the Court House to complain to the Sheriff, because I had been directed to do so by the local Draft Board. Inasmuch as the Sheriff was not in at the time, I told my cousin, Eron Mendez, to go with me to a nearby restaurant to drink a cup of coffee. When we entered the South Cafe, which is located in the Court House Square, we sat by the Counter and waited a little while to be served. As one of the waitresses passed in front of us, I told her, "We want two cups of coffee, please", she said that she could not serve us there; then, we left the restaurant and went to the Court House to find the Sheriff, who had already arrived. It appears that the Sheriff had already been advised as to the purpose of my visit, because when I entered his office he told me, "you were not born in that restaurant," I told him that I just wanted a cup of coffee and he then got up and slapped me and told me to get out.
"I was deeply wounded because of the fact that I had been twice humiliated while wearing a soldier's uniform."
Dionicio Mendez Ortiz (signed)
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 3rd day of December, A.D. 1943.
M.C. Gonzales, (Signed)
Notary Public in and for Bexar County, Texas
My commission expires 6-1-45.
Affiant resides at 1323 Burleson St., San Antonio, Texas
The statements above made by Dionicio Mendez Ortiz occurred in my presence and are correctly stated.
Eron Mendez (Signed)
Lockhart, Texas
Route 3, Box 2
Declaración jurada
Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos
Discriminación racial en restaurantes
Discrimination
Militar
Perales, Alonso S.
Personal Militar
Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/111/pera0077.jpg
8b1fdc2a02ef73cbb6462cdbfe2cbde1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Affidavit sworn by Pedro Muñoz to Alonso S. Perales
Description
An account of the resource
Affidavit sworn by Pedro Muñoz stating that he, along with Enrique de la Rosa and Jose Vidal, could not play pool at the Three Star Tavern.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Muñoz, Pedro
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. S-T, p003-004. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
Perales, Alonso S. <em>Are We Good Neighbors?</em> 1948. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Artes Gráficas
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-06-17
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0077
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
AFFIDAVITS
BARS (Drinking Establishments) --Texas
DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans
MILITARY Personnel
RACE discrimination - public establishments
MEXICAN American Soldiers
Relation
A related resource
<span>Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." <a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://arcg.is/1C1bbv</a>.</span>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, COUNTY OF BEXAR
My name is Pedro Muñoz. I am 41 years of age and married, and reside at 1818 Monterrey Street, in San Antonio, Texas. I am an automobile mechanic.
On Sunday, June 13, 1943, I went into the Three Star Tavern, situated at the corner of New Braunfels and Lamar Streets, which is a beer parlor and pool hall combined owned by Mr. Charles Schaefer, and I was told by one of the employees that I could not play pool there. I was wearing the United States Army uniform at the time. A few minutes later Enrique de la Rosa and Jose Vidal, civilians, came in and started to play pool with another, but the same employee told them that they were not permitted to play pool there. We noticed that Anglo-Americans, both soldiers and civilians, were playing pool there; therefore, we believe the reason we were not permitted to play was because we are of Mexican descent.
I was recalled into the United States Army as a Private First Class on December 8, 1943, and was honorably discharged, on account of being over the age limit and about to engage in national defense work as a civilian, on May 28, 1943. I also served in the United States Army (36th Division, Texas National Guard) from November, 1940 to November, 1941.
Further deponent sayeth not. Pedro R. Muñoz.
Sworn and subscribed before me this 17th day of June, A.D. 1943.
Alonso S. Perales,
Notary Public in and for Bexar County, Texas.
Bars (establecimiento de bebidas) -- Texas
Declaración jurada
Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos
Discriminación racial - establecimientos públicos
Personal Militar
Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/167/pera0076_001.jpg
046dd05c35f02f9590bdb354652b104a
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/167/pera0076_002.jpg
e247681d10b278b9b1eadb3627055d83
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To Sr. Lic. Alonso S. Perales, From Florencia Sainz de Acosta, Octubre 7, de 1940.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sainz de Acosta, Florencia
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1940-10-07
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. S-T, p003-004. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0076
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
SEGREGATION
SEGREGATION in education.
MEXICAN American Soldiers
DISCRIMINATION
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
Description
An account of the resource
Letter to Alonso S. Perales from Florencia Sainz de Acosta railing against the injustice of segregation practices taking place within schools and the military.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
[page 1]
Mercedes, Texas Octubre 7, de 1940.
Sr. Lic.
.Alonso S. Perales
San Antonio Texas.
Respetable y estimado señor: ¡Qué valiente! y cuán afortunado toque de atención de Guerra de los E.U., ante la injusta y humillante diferencia con que se quiere distinguir al méxico-tejano.
Con frecuencia sabemos de la denigrante se-gregración entre los alumnos de las escuelas; en los restaurants; en reuniones sociales y ahora, hasta en los futuros cuarteles, los, que por ser para soldados de origen hispano, probablemente serán rudos, anticuados y hasta antihigiénicos.
¡Maldita calamidad nacional! y malditos dioses sanguinarios, á quienes tendrán, que aplacar con el sacrificio de nuestros hijos...Estos hijos que por desgracia nacieron vajo la férula de las barras y las estrellas.
Lo de siempre, Señor Licenciado..¡El yo! ¡El Colosal! ¡El angloamericano!
Parece que Mr. Perry Clark no se ha dado cuenta del amenazante sismo europeo. ¿¡Será posible?? Ojalá y no; pues entonces
[page 2]
nuestros hijos tengan que ir como en rebaño al matadero.
¿Qué tendrán que serbir de parapeto, acá donde se nos ve con tanta indiferencia?
No, señor Lisenciado: Ud como director general de la Liga de Leales americanos deve ver por que se haga justicia a los americanos de origen hispano; que los [illegible: caminos] de estrenamiento seas el mismo.
Muy sinseramente, merece Ud. un aplauso universal por la leal defensa en pro de nues=tra raza.
Muy respetuosamente,
Florencia Sainz de Acosta.
334 N. Texas Ave.
Mercedes, Texas.
P.D.A.
Sr. Lisenciado: Felicito á Ud. en nombre de todos los meixcanos y mexicamerica y en nombre mio, por la héroica defensa á nuestros connacionales
No crea Ud. que hayamos pasado por alto, su valeroso comunicado con Henry L. Stimson.
Respetuosamente,
Sra. Acosta
Cartas
Discriminación
Perales, Alonso S.
Saiz de Acosta, Florencia
Segregación
Segregación en la educación
Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To. Sr. Lic. Alonso S. Perales, From Silvestre M. Zepeda, Feb. 19th, 1944.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Zepeda, Silvestre M.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-02-19
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. T-W, p227-228. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
MEXICAN American Soldiers
MILITARY Personnel
DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0075
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Silvestre M. Zepeda to Alonso S. Perales regarding discrimination of Mexican American military personnel that took place in San Antonio, Texas.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
Feb. 19th, 1944
Sr. Lic. Alonso S. Perales
714 Gunter Building
San Antonio, Texas
Apreciable Sr:
Habiendo incontrado su importante solicitacion en la prensa Mexicana de San Antonio, Texas en la cual solicita Ud. que se le noticie con brevedad cuando un caso de discriminacion le pase a una persona de origen Mexicano, por lo cual ahoy con ansiedad me dirijo a Ud. pero antes de todo le ruego a Ud.--me perdone mi manera de expresarme asi con Ud. pues deso considerar que le confieso que infortunadamente tengo poca educacion, principalmente en español, de lo cual ciento demaciada pena, pero espero que con paciencia llegue Ud. a comprender lo que aqui en seguida le relatare tocante a un caso de discriminacion que sufrimos yo y dos intimos amigos mios, todos nacidos aqui en los E.U.A. pero de origen Mexicano.
El principio de este caso fue asi, dos amigos mios uno de ellos, Ventura Hernandez, quien trabaja en una fundicion de hierro y acero que lleva el nombre de Ft. Worth Steel Mills of Texas, y aquien se le a ortogado un deferment por 6 meses por motivo a que sus servicios en dicha fundicion son esenciales para la defense nacional. el otro es, Manuel Jara, quien hace unos cuantos meses estaba sirviendo en el ejercito de los Estados Unidos pero a quien se le dio un Honorable Discharge de dicho ejercito por motivo a su estado fisico y en la presente tiene un hermano sirviendo en las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos. Estos dos amigos mios entraron a un cafe situado en la calle 114 E. Weatherford St. Ft. Worth Texas. y de dicho lugar es prop. el Sr. de origen blanco o Americano como Ud. mejor sepa nombrarle, y a dichos amigos se les nego servicio por excusa cual ninguna nada mas por que eran mexicanos. Esto paso el dia 7 de Feb. de 1944, y el dia siguiente dichos amigos me contaron lo que les habia pasado. Yo de pronto les dije que tal vez habria habido algun error y les pedi que me llevaran a dicho establecimiento Manuel, Ventura y yo y de nuevo sucedio lo que lla mis- amigos me habian anticipado, se nos nego servicio por motivo a- que eramos Mexicanos, yo trate de pedirle explicacion alguna a dicho prop. de dicho lugar y me contesto que el no le servia a Mexicanos y era todo y que no tenia tiempo para darme explicacion alguna y que nos retiraramos en seguida, lo cual hicimos-- sin provocarle de ninguna manera. pero si hise una cosa que no-se si Ud. me lo tomara a bien o a mal. escribi una carta y se la lleve al editor de la Ft. Worth Press quien me hiso el favor de publicarla en dicho periodico el dia 18 de Feb. de 1944 y de dicha publicacion aqui le mando una copia, que es una cosa que siempre se hace pero es a todo lo que llega y nada mas.
[page 2]
Feb. 19 de 1944
Sr. Alonso S. Perales
714 Gunter Building
San Antonio, Texas
Estimado Sr.
Tal vez para esta fecha lla recibio mi carta anterior en la cual le relate de un acto de discriminacion y creo que se me paso poner el nombre completo del individo que es el prop. de dicho lugar por lo cual aqui en seguida se lo mando.
Su Atto [abbreviation: atento] y S.S. [abbreviation: seguro servidor]
S.M. Zepeda
** M.A. Johnson
114 E. Weatherford St.
Fort Worth, Texas.
Cartas
Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos
Perales, Alonso S.
Personal Militar
Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos
Zepeda, Silvestre M.
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To Sr. David M. Ortiz, From [PERALES, Alonso S.] Noviembre 27 de 1946.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
[Perales, Alonso S.]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1946-11-27
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. M, Issue ., p152-152. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
RACE discrimination
LATIN Americans
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0073
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from [PERALES, Alonso. S.] to David M. Ortiz related to acts of discrimination taking place in Uvalde, Texas.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
UVALDE (Tex.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
Noviembre 27 de 1946<br /><br />Sr. David E. Ortiz<br />Uvalde, Texas.<br /><br />Muy estimado Sr. Ortiz,<br /><br />Con toda oportunidad recibí su atenta carta fechada el 14 del presente mes y créame que siendo demasiado lo que les ha ocurrido. Tengo una lista coo de diez lugarez en Uvalde en que se niega servicio a nuestra Raza. Entre estos tengo el nombre de Hangar VII Grill, 223 N. Getty St. En el mismo, sin duda. El día 13 de April de 1946 se le intentó negar servicio allí a varias damas latinoamericanas que asistieron a una Convencioón de Padres y Maestros, en Uvalde. El propietario las dijo la misma cosa que les dijo a ustedes: que perdería su clientela, etc. Por fin, decidioó servirles, pero les recomendoó que pidieran a la Convencioón de Padres y Maestros que protestara o hiciera algo para evitar que en Uvalde se tratara así a los mexicanos. Parece ser que el propietario (creo que se llama W. W. Moore) quiere aceptar y servir a los nuestros, pero tiene miedo perder su clientela anglosajona. Por supuesto, ya sabemos que es un sentir general entre los sajones el no aceptarnos iguales y el no querer asociarse con nosotros.<br /><br />Nosotros seguimos trabajando con empeño, y Dios mediante, algún día veremos arreglando este asunto para bien de nuestra Nación. No quitaremos el dedo del renglón hasta arreglarlo. Mientras tanto, vamos a seguir mejorando nuestra condición, vamos a procurar elevarnos en todo sentido lo más posible. En otros términos, quierannos o no los anglosajones, vamos a progresar pésele .a quien le pese. Quiero que no hagan nada ustedes sobre el incidente que les pasó, hasta que reciban nuevas noticias mías. Déjenme ver que puedo hacer yo. Voy a mover ciertos resortes, y luego les avisaré. Les recomiendo lean mi artículo en LA PRENSA cada domingo, titulado: ARQUITECTOS DE NUESTROS PROPIOS DESTINOS.<br /><br />Los felicito porque se organizaron dentro de la Legión Americana. Somos "buddies", pues yo pertenezco a [handwritte: al] Alamo Post No.2. Díganme: Hay "Posts" integrados por anglosajones en Uvalde? Intentaron ustedes pertenecer a dichos "Posts" antes de organizarse por separado? Los aceptaron? Si hay dichos "Posts", favor de darme el numero de cada "Post" (tambien el bombre) y el nombre del Comandante. Quizá ellos nos puedan ayudar a solucionar el problema de la discriminación en Uvalde. Voy a dirigirme también al "State Commander".<br /><br />Los saludo afectuosamente, su amigo sincero y seguro servidor que mucho los estima.<br /><br />P.D. Les recomiendo un librito que se llama "Civics Catech[strikeout] [handwritten: Catechism] on the Rights and Duties of American Citizens". Vale 25<span>¢ el ejemplar. Se los puedo conseguir aquí si gustan.</span>
Cartas
Discriminación racial
Latinoamericanos
Ortiz, David M.
Perales, Alonso S.
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To Su Excelencia Calvin Coolidge, Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America, Palacio Presidencial, From Alonso S. Perales, Febrero 14 de 1927.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927-02-14
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: Perales Original Works: Essays, Letters, Editorials & Others. Editorials and Manuscript Segments, c.1930-1955, p048-051. 4p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Subject
The topic of the resource
COMPLAINT letters
CRIME
COOLIDGE, Calvin, 1872-1933
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans
MURDER
MOODY, Daniel James, 1893-1966
GARNER, John Nance, 1868-1967
SHEPPARD, Morris, 1875-1941
DUE Process of Law
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0072
Relation
A related resource
Letter To President, From Alonso S. Perales, April 30, 1927.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
WASHINGTON (D.C.)
WILLACY County (Tex.)
RAYMONDVILLE (Tex.)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Letter to President Calvin Coolidge from Alonso S. Perales regarding the murder of five prisoners who were suspected of killing two deputies of Willacy County, Texas. The Willacy County Grand Jury refused to prosecute the murders.
Description
An account of the resource
Complaint letter written to President Calvin Coolridge detailing the unjust arrest, treatment, and murder of men of Mexican descent in Raymondville, Texas. Accused and arrested for the murder of the Willacy County sheriff, the men were mistreated and then taken outside the Raymondville city limits, then murdered.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
CARTA ENVIADA AL PRESIDENTE COOLIDGE PROTESTANDO CONTRA LOS ASESINATOS DE RAYMONDVILLE<br /><br />Washington, D.C.<br />Febrero 14 de 1927<br /><br />Su Excelencia<br />Calvin Coolidge,<br />Presidente de los Estados Unidos de América,<br />Palacio Presidencial<br /><br />Excelencia:<br /><br />El suscrito ciudadano americano de nacimiento, se toma la libertad de dirigirse a usted para participarle lo siguiente:<br /><br />He recibido informes al efecto de que como el dia 7 de septiembre Tomás Nuñez, ciudadano mexicano, sus dos hijos, Benancio y José Nuñez ciudadanos americanos, Inocencio González, también ciudadano americano, y Mat Zoler, austriaco, fueron arrestados por el "Sheriff" del Condado de Willacy, Texas, porque se les sospechaba de estar implicados en la muerte de dos diputados del "Sheriff" de dicho Condado. Los informes que tengo en mi poder demuestran que después de haber sido cruelmente maltratados los prisioneros fueron llevados a un lugar fuera de Raymondville, Texas, y asesinados. Los individuos que los custodiaban entonces regresaron a Raymondville y declararon que habían sido atacados desde un bosque por personas desconocidas, que ellos habían devuelto el fuego y que durante el tiroteo de ambos lados los cinco prisioneros habían devuelto el fuego y que durante el tiroteo de ambos lados los cinco prisioneros habían sido muertos. En conexión con esa declaración es digno de tomarse en cuenta el hecho de que aun cuando los cinco prisioneros fueron asesinados los individuos que los custodiaban salieron ilesos.<br /><br />La impresión general que predomina entre observadores imparciales de Texas, que están enterados de los detalles de este incidente, es que los cinco prisioners fueron asesinados por los Oficiales de Confafo de Willacy o por personas que obraron con pleno concocimiento y con el consentimiento de dichos oficiales, puesto que si, con alegan los individuos que los custodiaban, personas desconocidas les hicieron fuego y como resultado perecieron los cinco prisioneros, solo un milagro habría hecho posible el que los guardias salieran ilesos.<br /><br />[page 2]<br /><br />CARTA ENVIADA AL PRESIDENTE COOLIDGE PROTESTANDO CONTRA LOS ASESINATOS DE RAYMONDVILLE<br />-2-<br /><br />La muerte de los oficiales que se alega fueron muertos en Raymondville poco antes que los cinco prisioneros fueran asesinados es la lamentarse de veras. Sin embargo, las autoridades del Condado de Willacy [strikeout:ae] hallaban ampliamente fadultadas [facultadas] para aprehender, procesar, condenar y castigar a los asesinos "en la forma prescrita por las leyes, pero no en otra forma. A propósito de esto me permito llamar su atención a la primera sección del Artículo XIV de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos de América que dice:<br /><br />"Los Estados no podrán privar a ninguna persona de la vida, la libertad o los bienes de fortuna, sin el debido procedimiento legal, ni negar a nadie en su jurisdicción la igual protección de las leyes".<br /><br />En una carta dirigida al señor W.T. Galliher, Presidente del Comité de Mil Ciudadanos, el dia 5 de enero de 1927, el Presidente Coolidge dijo, entre otras cosas:<br /><br />"Todo gobierno de primera clase hace un esfuerzo honrado e inteligente por hacer respetar las leyes, y la norma de ciudadanía decae muchísimo cuando las leyes dejan de ser obedecidas".<br /><br />El dia 8 de enero de 1927, los periódicos locales anunciaron que el portavoz de la Casa Blanca acababa de definir la política actual de los Estados Unidos con respecto a México y Nicaragua, en la forma siguiente:<br />"El primer deber de un gobierno es protejer las vidas y sus propiedades. Esa es una obligación primordial. Para eso son instituídos los gobiernos, y los gobiernos que faltan a dicho deber son peores que inútiles. El Gobierno de los Estados Unidos ha resuelto cumplir, hasta donde sus fuerzas lo permitan, con ese deber hacia sus ciudadanos en la frontera. A este Gobierno no les importa, ni le ha importado jamás, los/métodos empleados para dar esa protección". <br /><br />"Protección efectiva a las vidas u propiedades americanas es el único punto en que los Estados Unidos son tenaces".<br /><br />[page 3]<br /><br />CARTA ENVIADA AL PRESIDENTE COOLIDGE PROTESTANDO CONTRA LOS ASESINATOS DE RAYMONDVILLE<br />-3-<br /><br />Es de esperarese, por consiguiente, que así como nuestro Gobierno en varias ocasiones ha puesto en práctica dichos principios desembarcando fuerzas armadas en países extranjeros con el objeto de protejer las vidas y propiedades de ciudadanos americanos, asimismo no ha de tener inconveniente en protejer las vidas de ciudadanos americanos <span style="text-decoration: underline;">dentro de nuestro propio país.</span><br /><br />Nosotros, los ciudadanos americanos de origen mexicano, tenemos absoluta confianza en el concepto de nuestro Gobierno Federal tiene de lo que son el deber y la justicia.<br /><br /><br />El dia 24 de octubre de 1926, me dirigí a la/Señora Miriam A. Ferguson, Gobernadora de Texas, pidiendo que se hiciera una investigacioón del incidente a que me vengo refiriendo, más no he recibido contestacioón y, a lo que entiendo, nada se ha hecho para establecer la responsabilidad y castigar a los asesinos.<br /><br />El dia 25 de enero de 1927 dirigí una suplica idéntica al nuveo Ciudadano Gobernador Dan Moody, pero hasta hoy no he recibido respuesta.<br /><br />En enero de 1927, en virtud de una queja formulada por los deudos de las víctimas Nuñez, se hizo una investigación, pero el Gran Jurado [strikeout: del Condado de Willacy] del Condado de Willacy se rehusó a encausar a los presuntos homicidas. Sin embargo, esto se explica desde luego con el hecho de que existe un prejuicio muy fuerte, en el COndado de Willacy, contra personas de origen mexicano, no importa cual sea su ciudadanía. Además, se alega que algunos de los miembros de dicho Gran Jurado eran empleados de un hermano del "Sheriff" Teller, y otros son parientes políticos de él. Confío, por lo tanto, en que como Presidente de los Estados Unidos de América, Vuestra Excelencia orden[handwritten: ará] que nuestro Departamento de Justicia haga una investigación minucioa e <span style="text-decoration: underline;">imparcial</span> del asesinato de esos indefensos (y, según parece, inocentes) ciudadanos americanos, cuya muerte ha causado a sus respectivos hogares tristeza y miseria.<br /><br />Es innecesario el que no recuerde a Vuestra Excelencia que una investigación de esta naturaleza no solamente figaría la responsabilidad donde pertenece, sino que serviría también para volver a asegurar a todos los ciudadanos<br /><br />[page 4]<br />-4-<br />CARTA ENVIADA AL PRESIDENTE COOLIDGE PROTESTANDO CONTRA LOS ASESINATOS DE RAYMONDVILLE<br /><br />americanos de origen mexicano radicados en Texas, que sus derechos a la vida, la libertad y la felicidad siempre serán protegidos. Por otra parte, dicha seguridad vendría a fortalecer la confianza que ellos tienen en nuestro Gobierno y nuestras instituciones.<br /><br />Me permito, además, acompañar dos recortes de periódico los cuales demuestran que el dia 5 del presente un Jurado de la Corte Federal, en Corpus Christi, Texas, encontró culpables del delito de peonaje al susodicho "Sheriff" Raymond Teller, en cuya custodia se hallaban las cinco víctimas a que me vengo refiriendo, así como [added" también A] algunos de sus diputados.<br /><br />Respetuosamente,<br /><br />ALONSO S. PERALES<br /><br />Anexos:<br />2<br /><br />Explicación: El "Sheriff" Teller y algunos de sus diputados fueron enviados a la penitenciaría por el gobierno federal por que obligaron a dos jóvenes anglosajones a trabajar en contra de su voluntad, lo cual constituye el delito de peonaje, pero dicho castigo nada tuvo que ver con los asesinatos de mexicanos a que nos venimos refiriendo. <br /><br />El Autor.<br /><br />---------------------------------------------------<br /><br />NOTA: Con el objeto de informar también a otros altos funcionarios públicos de la Nación acerca de las injusticias que se cometen con el pueblo mexicano en el Estado de Texas, cartas semejantes fueron escritas por el autor a las personas siguientes:<br />Honorable Dan Moody, Gobiernador de Texas.<br />Honorable Morris Sheppard, Senador de los Estados Unidos de América.<br /><br />Honorable John Nance Garner, Representante del Distrito Congresal. Décimoquinto de Texas en el Congreso de la Unión.<br /><br />Honrable Jogn G. Sargent, Procurador General de Justicia de los Estados Unidos de América.
Asesinato
Cartas de queja
Coolidge, Calvin
Crimen
Debido Proceso Legal
Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos
Garner, John Nance
Moody, Daniel James
Perales, Alonso S.
Sheppard, Morris
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/177/pera0071.jpg
1ffc816ee145fb1fe04e3024398f388b
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/177/pera0071_001.jpg
4741c78271cf119b6e958c4e6b264566
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
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Arte Público Press
Language
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Spanish
English
Creator
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Perales, Alonso S.
Format
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JPEG
Type
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Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To President, From Alonso S. Perales, April 30, 1927.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1927-04-30
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. P-Q, p081-082. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LETTERS
COOLIDGE, Calvin, 1872-1933
MURDER
MEXICAN Americans
DUE Process of Law
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0071
Relation
A related resource
To Su Excelencia Calvin Coolidge, Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America, Palacio Presidencial, From Alonso S. Perales, Febrero 14 de 1927.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Description
An account of the resource
A letter to the President from Alonso Perales regarding the slaying in Willacy County, Texas of Tomás Huñez, Mexican citizen, Ben[illegible] and José Nuñez, American citizens, Inocencio González, American citizen and Mat Zoler, Austrian citizen. The murders took place while in "custody of Willacy County officers" with no one being punished for the crime. Alonso Perales is requesting government assistance.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
WASHINGTON (D.C.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
900-19th Street, N.W.[From]
Washington, D.C.
April 30, 1927.
The President:
In addressing the members and guests of the United Press, in New York City, on the night of April 25, 1927, Your Excellency was quoted by the local newspapers as saying:
“We live under a system that guarantees the sanctity of life and liberty through public order and protects the rights of private property under the principle of due process of law. We have thrown every possible safeguard around the individual in order to protect him from any invasion of his rights even by the Government itself. It is peculiarly an American doctrine, now usually accepted in principle. If not adopted in practice, by all civilized countries, that these are inalienable rights, that they ought to belong to all persons every where, and that it is the chief function of government to provide instrumentalities by which these rights can be secured and protected. We have adopted these ideals because we believe that they are of universal application and square with the eternal principles of right. But we may as well realise that they will not continue to prevail unless we are prepared constantly to put forth great efforts and make large sacrifices for their support.”
I quite agree with Your Excellency that it is the duty of our Government to protect the lives of American citizens abroad; however, I am sorry Your Excellency did not lay equal stress upon the fact that our Government is also duty bound to protect the lives of American citizens and foreigners within our own borders. In this connection I invite Your Excellency’s attention to my letter of February 14, 1927, in which I informed Your Excellency concerning the slaying in Willacy County, Texas, on or about September 7, 1926, of Tomás Nuñez, a Mexican citizen, his two sons, Benanolo and José Nuñez, American citizens, Inocencio Gonzalez, an American citizen, and Mat Zeler, an Austrian,
--2—
while they were in the custody of Willacy County officers. No one was punished, or even apprehended, in connection with these crimes, and the incident now seems to be closed., although not et forgotten by American citizens of Mexican descent and the Mexican people generally.
In view of the murder of these five men on Texas soil it would seem that the system which guarantees the sanctity of life and liberty of all persons residing in the United States was adopted by us in principle only. If we adopted it in practice as well, why does our Government permit such crimes as these to remain unpunished? I am reluctant to arrive at such a conclusion, Mr. President, but in the light of this and other similar outrages committed in Texas without the guilty parties ever having been punished therefor, and in view also of our Government’s avowed determination to protect the lives of American citizens in foreign countries through the use of armed forces, it would seem that as a matter of fact the lives of American citizens are safer in Nicaragua and China than in the United States proper.
I am about to engage in a lecture tour throughout the States of Texas, in the course of which I shall, much to my regret, have to inform my fellow-citizens of Mexican extraction that I failed in my efforts to induce our Government to take action in the case I have alluded to, since neither Your Excellency nor the Governor of Texas, the Honorable Dan Moody, even acknowledged receipt of the communications in which I asked you to be good enough to use your good offices to bring the slayers of the defenseless citizens above mentioned before the bars of justice.
Respectfully submitted,
(Alonso S. Perales)
The President
The White House.
Asesinato
Cartas
Coolidge, Calvin
Debido Proceso Legal
Mexicoamericanos
Perales, Alonso S.
-
http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/178/pera0070.jpg
23c8e5e6f4e1d289d499d595b7ff8e84
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alonso S. Perales Collection
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Arte Público Press
Language
A language of the resource
Spanish
English
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Photograph
Subject
The topic of the resource
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens
CIVIC participation: working for civil rights
MEXICAN Americans
LATINO Americans
ACTIVISTS
RACE discrimination
Relation
A related resource
Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Description
An account of the resource
Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Personal Collection
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
To Honorable Tom Connally, United States Senator, From Alonso S. Perales, Director General, The League of Loyal Americans, February 28, 1941.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Perales, Alonso S.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1941-02-28
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Alonso S. Perales Papers: The Committee of One Hundred Citizens & the League of Loyal Citizens, 1927-1954. Correspondence A-C, p095-095. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections
EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Subject
The topic of the resource
CONNALLY, Tom, 1877-1963
PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960
LETTERS
UNITED States--Government policy.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
pera0070
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
JPEG
Description
An account of the resource
Letter to Tom Connally, United States Senator from Alonso Perales. Request to support Senate Bill 195 for the "Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis". "Secondary request from Alonso Perales" requesting Mr. Nelson A. Rockefeller send a "corps of lecturers and writers" in which to provide a "diplomatic and tactful campaign" to create "more sympathethic understanding and fellowship among us here."
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
SAN Antonio (Tex.)
WASHINGTON (D.C.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.
Scripto
Transcription
A written representation of a document.
THE LEAGUE OF LOYAL AMERICANS [Letterhead]
Suite 714 Gunter Bldg.
San Antonio, Texas
February 28, 1941
Honorable Tom Connally, [To]
United States Senator,
The Capitol,
Washington, D.C.
Dear Senator Connally:
We will appreciate it very much if you will support Senate Bill 195 for the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis. For years we have been assisting in combatting this plague, and it goes without saying that we would feel very happy if said Bill were brought to a hearing at once and passed without delay. It is positively one of the greatest things you could do to help us solve the problem. There is much work to be done in Bexar County, as well as other Texas Counties, in the fight against tuberculosis, and there is no money with which to do it.
Thanking you in advance, we remain
Sincerely yours,
THE LEAGUE OF LOYAL AMERICANS
By Alonso S. Perales
Director General
[Dashes across paper]
Dear Senator Connally:
Please ask Mr. Nelson A. Rockefeller, Coordinator of Commercial and Cultural Relations among the American Republics, whether he intends to send us a corps of lecturers and writers to conduct a vigorous, yet diplomatic and tactful campaign, among our Anglo-American friends and fellow-citizens in Texas, designed to create a more sympathetic understanding and fellowship among us here. We believe Texas is the logical place to really get the two great Races of the Western Hemisphere together, and then cite the situation in Texas as an example to the rest of the American world.
Perales.
Cartas
Connally, Tom
Estados Unidos - Póliza gubernamental
League of Loyal Americans
Perales, Alonso S.