4 10 1713 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/182/pera0069.jpg 9a8f239ec1d0732717295d6c593d1b69 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/182/pera0069_001.jpg 7b76ba730e42235aa1417edae3d228b1 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/182/pera0069_002.jpg b229b0d64a6d753128c929eec94fdc66 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/182/pera0069_003.jpg beb5895b93b0141209bca352a4271103 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To [Honorable Board of Trustees, San Antonio Independent School District], From [President, Council No, 16 of the League of United Latin-American Citizens, Chairman, Committee on Public Schools.] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Missing Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: LULAC & Sons of America: General Organizational Documents. Council #16, 1927-1949, p044-047. 4p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens PETITIONS HISPANIC Americans--education EDUCATION--Children MEXICAN Americans--Education DISCRIMINATION in education RACE discrimination in education RACE discrimination Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0069 Relation A related resource Darder, A., &amp; Torres, R. D. (1997). Eleuterio Escobar. In Latinos and education: A critical reader (pp. 401-404). London, England: Routledge.<br /><br />EDUCATIONAL STRUGGLES DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION<br /><br /><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cMosvilEmwIC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q=escobR&amp;f=false" title="EDUCATIONAL STRUGGLES DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION">https://books.google.com/books?id=cMosvilEmwIC&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q=escobR&amp;f=false</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Reseach completed by the President of L.U.L.A.C council 16 and the Chairman for the Committee on Public School Buildings and Playgrounds. Information highlights "gross discrimination of students in the western part of the city" and the need for new school buildings in the area. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1934] Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant SAN Antonio (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Please return to Perales [Handwritten] To the Honorable Board of Trustees, San Antonio Independent School District San Antonio, Texas. LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: Your Petitioner, Council No. 16 of the League of United Latin-American Citizens, is an organization composed of citizens of the United States of Latin-American extraction. The principal aims and purposes of this organization is to develop within the members of our race the best, purest and most perfect type of a true and loyal citizen of the United States of American, and to eradicate from our body politic all intents and tendencies to establish discriminations among our fellow-citizens on account of race, religion or social position as being contrary to the true spirit of Democracy, our Constitution and Laws. This Council, being mindful of our responsibility for the education of our children, has an active and efficient Committee of Public School Buildings and Playgrounds, which Committee, after a careful review of the records of the San Antonio Independent School District, has verified the facts and reports that the children attending the schools in the Western section of this city have been the object of gross discrimination, and this Council deems it pertinent to invite the Honorable School Board’s attention to the facts as revealed by your records, which show the following: Ther There are 12,334 pupils attending 11 schools in the Western district, which, for the purpose of identification, we will refer to as Western schools, which are as follows: Margil, Johnson, Navarro, Bowie, Crockett, J. Brackenridge, Barclay, Hood, Ivanhoe, Briscoe and Austin. These schools have a total of 269 rooms. The capacity of each room is 35 pupils. The total capacity of the 269 rooms is 9415 pupils and since the present attendance is 12,334 pupils, it is patent that there is an excel of 2919 pupils and from these figures it is evident that at least 84 more rooms are needed to accommodate the present excess number of pupils in these schools. Our survey further discloses the following facts by way of comparison with 28 other elementary schools in the city: in these 28 schools there are now in use 368 rooms with a total belongings of 12,224 students and a capacity of 12,880 students based on 35 students per room. The number of pupils in each room of the said 28 schools is 33.21 as compared with 45.85 in each room of the said 11 Western schools. --page 2— Our survey further discloses that the amount of money now being spent per pupil attending the above mentioned 11 Western schools is $24.50 direct cost as compared with $35.96 being spent per pupil attending the remaining 28 elementary schools. In other words, each pupil attending the 28 other elementary schools in receiving $11.46 more in the way of direct expenditure than each pupil attending the 11 Western schools. The total investment in buildings and grounds in the 28 other schools is $2,470,628.43. The total investment in buildings and grounds in the said 11 Western schools is $1,350,959.38, which reduced to percentages indicates that 65% of the total investment applies to the 28 schools serving 12,224 pupils, whereas 35% of the total investment applies to the said 11 Western schools serving 12,334 pupils. The survey further indicates that there are 81.74 acres of grounds in the 38 other schools serving 12,224 students, as compared with 23.9 acres in the said 11 Western schools serving 12,334 pupils. Information furnished by your organization reveals that the total cost of operating the 11 Western schools for the year 1932 to 1933 was $302,233.98. The latest school census reveals that there are 21,822 children of scholastic age in the district comprised of these 11 Western schools and therefore $16.00 per capita received by the San Antonio Independent School District from the State amounted to approximately $349,152.00, which is an amount greater than the total operating expenses for these schools. In other words, the San Antonio Independent School District received from the State of Texas, on account of the pupils in this district, an amount greater than that spent for their benefit and this money paid by the State for their benefit was actually used for the benefit of the remaining schools of this city. Of course, this does not take into consideration the funds derived from the local tax upon the property located in this district, the assessed valuation of which is estimated at approximately forty-five millions of dollars. Believing that this Honorable Board is desirous, in good faith, of carrying out the mandates of the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution and Laws of Texas, guaranteeing to every student attending our schools equal school facilities irrespective of race, we respectfully request that the 84 additional rooms needed to accommodate the children attending these 11 Western schools be provided without further delay, and it is our earnest request that these 84 rooms take the form of six new, substantial and permanent school buildings, including --3— one Junior High School to take care of over 1500 fifth grade students which who will necessarily have to go to Junior High School from the said 11 Western schools in February, 1935. The said six schools to be ready for occupancy by September of this year. Your Petitioner feels that this Honorable Board can devise ways and means of financing the construction of these buildings if it will not only resolve so to do. For illustration, your Petition er is reliably informed that the school budget for this fiscal year for general operation of all branches is $1,747,000.00; that $883,000.00 of this amount is derived from the 66 cents local tax and $864,000.00 is received from the State. Your Petitioner is further informed that the school tax rate for the current year (June 1, 1933 to May 31, 1934) is $1.00 upon each $100.00 assessed valuation, and that this is divided as follows: Interest and sinking fund to retire School Bonds .34 General operation of all branches and Schools .66 $1.00 And that the 66 cents for operation of Schools is divided as follows: Instruction proper (teachers) .46 Maintenance of buildings and equipment, insurance, Pupils’ health service and general administration .18 Interest on money borrowed for running expenses .02 .66 In this connection, your Petitioner respectfully suggests to your Honorable Board that the .46 ȼ which the Board contemplates spending in instruction be spent in the construction of the much needed buildings for the Western District. [Handwritten - Available as well as other funds]. Furthermore, this Committee is informed through the local press that the Honorable School Board will [Handwritten - and doubles at least a portion of this surplus could and should be used] have in the very near future a surplus of nearly one-half million dollars, and that it is contemplating using this money to increase the teachers’ salaries. While this Committee is in entire accord that a staff of well paid teachers is essential to the operation of an efficient school system, it cannot help but feel that uppermost in the mind of any school board should be the duty of first providing adequate school facilities for ALL the children of the district. Particularly so when, as in the present case, money that should have been spent upon adequate school facilities for the children of the said 11 Western schools has in truth been spent for the benefit of children belonging to the other 28 schools above mentioned. --4— Your petitioner is aware that under the laws of Texas, the state and county available funds shall be used exclusively for the payment of teachers and superintendents’ salaries, fees for taking the scholastic census, and interest on money borrowed on short time to pay salaries of teachers and superintendents, when these salaries become due before the school funds for the current year become available; but your Petitioner is likewise aware that local school funds from district takes may be used for buying school sites, buying buildings and repairing and renting school houses, and that when the State available school fund in any city or district is sufficient to maintain the schools thereof in any year for at least eight months and leave a surplus, such surplus may likewise be expended for buying sites and building school houses. In fine, your petitioner earnestly insists that these 11 Western schools have ample resources of their own (derived from the State, County and local funds) adequately to operate and maintain themselves and to provide adequate facilities if only this Honorable Board would refrain from depriving the said Western District of the money that lawfully and equitably belong to these pupil, by spending the same upon schools situated in other sections of the city. Your petitioner prays that this Honorable Board grant a hearing of this petition in order that petitioner may be given an opportunity to present the detailed and specific facts in support of the conclusions hereinbefore stated and that the much needed facilities prayed for herein be granted. Respectfully submitted, ______________________________________ President, Council No.16 of the League of United Latin-American Citizens. ______________________________________ Chairman, Committee on Public Schol Buildings and Playgrounds. Cartas Discriminación en la educación Discriminación racial Discriminación racial en la educación Hispanoamericanos L.U.L.A.C. Mexicoamericanos Mexicoamericanos -- Educación Peticiones http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/186/pera0068.jpg c7b33989c17328751f406acb0299043b http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/186/pera0068_001.jpg 1b84ee2f3d2ec1b12f36835a411cf901 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Protesta en Contra de un Compañía de Terrenos (Spanish). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-01-29 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: Perales Original Works: Essays, Letters, Editorials & Others. Editorials and Manuscript Segments, c.1930-1955, p046-047. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource COMPLAINT letters DISCRIMINATION in housing PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0068 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant MCALLEN (Tex.) Description An account of the resource Letter to the McAllen Real Estate Board from Alonso S. Perales which appeared in Rio Grande City's newspaper, "El Fronterizo." The letter denounced their discrimination of people of Mexican descent. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available El Fronterizo Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [page 1]<br />PROTESTA EN CONTRA DE UNA COMPAÑIA DE TERRENOS<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Se trata de la "McAllen Real Estate Board"que ha excluído a los mexicanos de origen, sin alguna causa justificada.<br /><br />Para que no puedan adquirir lotes en determinadas adiciones de la Ciudad de McAllen, ahora que está progresando.<br /><br /><br /></span>Hace poco informamos a nuestros lectores de la protesta que hizo el Sr. Prof. Samuel J. Treviño, Cónsul de México en McAllen, contra la diposicion de la "McAllen Real Estate Board" impidiendo que se vendieran lotes de terrenos a los mexicanos y ciudadanos americanos de origen mexicano, en algunas de las adiciones que se están haciendo a la referida ciudad de McAllen, Texas, y ahora tenemos que agregar otra nueva protesta del Sr. Alonso S. Perales, quien, como ya lo he demostrado en numerosas ocasiones, siempre sale a la defensa de los mexicanos.<br /><br />La protesta de este abodago dice textualmente lo siguiente:<br /><br />[page 2]<br /><br />[stikeout: 200-illegible Street N.W.]<br />Washington, D.C.<br />Enero 29 de 1927.<br /><br />McAllen Real Estate Board,&nbsp;<br />McAllen, Texas<br /><br />Señores:<br /><br />Tengo a la vista un periódico de McAllen en que aparece la noticia de que ustedes adoptaron recientemente una resolución prohibiendo en lo sucesivo la venta de bienes raíces a personas de origen mexicano, sin consideración a ciudadaniía, salve en cierta sección de la ciudad de McAllen. El suscrito, ciudadano americano de nacimiento y de origen mexicano, aprovecha la ocasión para protestar enéricamente contra el insulto injustificado que por medio de esa resolución han preferido ustedes a la dignidad de los habitantes de origen mexicano de McAllen y sobre la raza mexicana en general.<br /><br />No perderé mi tiempo tratando de llustrar a ustedes acerca de los verdaderos méritos del pueblo mexicano como raza. Eso es algo que ustedes debían saber para esta fecha. Sin embargo, de pasada les indicaré:<br /><br /> <ol> <li>Que tanto los ciudadanos mexicanos como los americanos de estirpe mexicana han ayudado muy [illegible]mente a darle a McAllen el ser que tiene.</li> <li>Que no hay un solo principio o doctrina en los anales de ciencias sociales– ni aun en la de cencia– que apoya la injusta y arbitrarla actitud de ustedes.</li> </ol> <br />Es de lamentarse de veras que mientras buenos ciudadanos mexicanos y americanos, asi como organizaciones en todo el país, están haciendo labor de acercamiento entre los pueblos mexicano y americano, que usteded tengan a bien contrarrestar tan noble labor i[illegible]tando deliberada e injustamente a mi digna raza mexicana.<br /><br />Respetuosamente,<br />Alonso S. Perales<br /><br />("El Fronterizo", Rio Grande City, Texas, Febrero 5 de 1927) Cartas de queja Collins, James L. Discriminación en vivienda Perales, Alonso S. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/191/pera0067.jpg eb08c427baa8804c7022f637e5855e8e http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/191/pera0067_001.jpg 7ec27687e6e6f5922764771a933638f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Hon. Alonzo S. Perales, From George Reid, Sociedad Mutualista Mexicana, Feb. 16, 1941. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reid, George Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941-02-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. R, p031-032. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 MINING camps--West (U.S.) DISCRIMINATION in Medical Care - Race discrimination in Medical Care HOSPITALS--Prospective payment--Corrupt practices--United States MEXICANS Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0067 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter to Alonso Perales from George Reid, an American Baptist preacher from Fort Worth Texas. He begins the letter regarding the situations taking place at the mining camp in Malakoff Texas. Doctors were charging high prices and ordering unnecessary procedures to take care of the Mexicans who were sick. These Mexican individuals and families were forced to pay or “risk death of their sick”. He would like to begin the process of organizing a “chain of hospitals and clinics all over Texas in the way of cooperative medicine”. The Baptist Hospital in Fort Worth, Texas is available with all equipment for $50,000. Mr. Reid mentions ways to raise money by way of donations. Mr. Reid writes that “the movement out to start from the initiative of the Mexicans themselves”, and that “it should be run by Mexicans for Mexicans”. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant FORT Worth (Tex.) MALAKOFF (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Estimable Hon. Perales; Due to a system of help herein the mining camp at Malakoff, Texas whereby the Mexicans pooled their money to take care of the sickness in the camp; it seems that the American doctors, upon whom they called, took advantage of a large amount of money in the fund and ordered unnecessary operations and at prices whichcontinually kept the funds depleted and which seemed to be much higher than others had to pay on the average. Being Mexicans, there was no way they could help it, except pay the demands rather than risk the death of their sick. Now the work has almost stopped here, because the company which had used the fuel has switched to gas, and almost all the Mexicans are gone. However, there are some still here, and we have talked a little about starting, or seeing about starting, a state-wide movement for medical insurance among the Mexicans and set up Mexican institutions to care for their sick. As we have never had any experience in any such a movement we need some advice; and knowing by your articles in “La Prensa” that you are fighting for justice for your people, we felts sure that you would be glad to advise us free of charge. Also, we felt that if you should find such a movement possible, you might lend us the support of your influence and leadership in getting it established on a sound basis. Here are some facts which may help you in considering the possibility of the movement: The Baptist Hospital in Fort Worth, Texas, with all its equipment is for sale for $50,000. It has been vacant for a period of two years, though its equipment was up-to-date- the last time it was in use. Of course, we understand that in an unorganized and uninformed state there is no possibility in raising the money. We thought we could organize and inform the people by means of letters including enough money to correspond with others. They in turn could be asked to enclose money so that in a little while many centers could be informed with the minimum of expense upon the shoulders of any one person. You see that unless there are other complications which we do not now see, a little money could be collected from a fraction of the Mexican population of Texas, and it would be enough to seing the deal for the hospital and set it in operation. If you want to learn more about this particular hospital, you may write Dr. Scarborough. I have already talked to the business manager of the Baptist Seminary there who also takes care of the hospital and he wanted me to see Dr. Scarborough, but we think Perhaps you could handle the situation in a way more satisfactory to all. As this is no attempt to sell the Baptist Hospital, any other approach could be made by any other means which may see advisable. I suppose by now you are wondering who is the author of this letter. I am an American Baptist preacher who comes from the Seminary at Fort Worth every week end to preach to the people here. It struck me as deplorable that the Mexicans can not get a square deal when it comes to medical aid particularly. I believe the only way they can ever get a square deal is to organize a chain of hospitals and clinics all over Texas in the way of cooperative medicine. You are, perhaps, well acquainted with the English system of cooperative medicine before this war started. I believe that, roughly, [that???? To be – handwritten] something of the nature of the movement here. I, too, as well as you, have the interest of racial understanding at heart; and I do not wish to try to stir up any more strife. I just think that if the Mexicans could be organized thus in a quiet way to care for their own sick, itcould be an avenue of influence by which they could gain the respect of American citizens in all walks of life. My business is to preach the Gospel, and I do not feel that I ought, in the first place, to spend my time in purely social efforts, although I realize that my work ought to be thoroughly filled with the Christian social emphasis. In the second place, I think that the movement ought to start from the initiative of the Mexicans themselves, so that it would have their confidence at the outset. I believe that all the organization should be run by Mexicans and for Mexicans. I am quite confident that they are fully competent to do everything necessary. If I have not properly represented the Mexican interests, and it is entirely possible that such is the case, you may write to Jesus Garcia, Malakoff, Texas. He is the Secretary of the Society mentioned on tis stationery. In case you would like to know more about what I have in mind than I have been able to tell here, you may write me at 4713 Stanley Street, Fort Worth, Texas. With best wishes for you and your high ideals for all the American peoples, I am Very Sincerely yours, George Reid. Campamentos Mineros--Oeste (U.S.) Cartas Cooperative Medicine Discriminación en el cuidado médico - Discriminación racial en el ciudado médico Hospitales--Pago Prospectivo--Prácticas Corruptas--Estados Unidos Mexicanos Perales, Alonso S. Reid, George http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/197/pera0066.jpg d5003c82cb0726bd0e5b998893b81871 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Dr. Will W. Alexander, Chief, Minority Groups Service Branch, From Donald G. Kobler, Texas Regional Director, October 14, 1942. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kobler, Donald G. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942-10-14 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. J-L, p130-130. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS RACE discrimination KOBLER, Donald G. TELEGRATH AGRICULTURAL Laborers UNITED States--Government policy. SHOP signs WICKARD Claude R. (Claude Raymond), 1893-1967 WALLACE, Henry A. (Henry Agard), 1888-1965 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0066 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter to Dr. Will W. Alexander, Chief Minority Groups Service Branch from Donald G. Kobler, Texas Regional Director. The letter describes discrimination taking plays at Roy’s Café, on North First Street in Lamesa Texas. Sign on door states “No Mexican’s”. Donald Kobler would like to see federal action to “eliminate…Nazi-like discrimination”. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant LAMESA (Tex.) WASHINGTON (D.C.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Donald G. Kohler [From] 8045 Harrisburg Houston, Texas October 14, 1942 Dr. Will W. Alexander, Chief [To] Minority Groups Service Branch Social Security Building Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Alexander; Enclosed please find a copy of the telegram sent to you today in regard to the discrimination practiced against the Spanish speaking people at Lamesa, Texas. This information was forwarded to me by a Mexican field worker, who wrote as follows: “… where ever I have been I find a lot of places where the Mexican people is discriminated,…. Here is the latest example Roy’s Café located at North First Street Lamesa Tex bear a sign on the door that says no Mexicans ….. You know this is dangerous at the present time, because there are a lot of Spanish speaking people that thinks that don’t worth a while to fight for a Country where they are not considered as civilized people.” Surely, it is not necessary to stress to your office the disastrous effect of these abuses. What is needed is vigourous federal action to eliminate, once and for all, these undemocratic and Nazi-like discriminations. Copies of the telegram have also been mailed to Hon. Henry A. Wallace and the Hon. Claude A. Wickard. Very truly yours, Donald G. Kobler Texas Regional Director Alexander, Will W. Cartas Discriminación racial Estados Unidos - Póliza gubernamental Kobler, Donald G. Letreros Telegramas Trabajadores agricolas Wallace, Henry A. Wickard, Claude R. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/198/pera0065.jpg 4bb8be6cd7bbc894e900436ab6ee7a92 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/198/pera0065_001.jpg 10c858990485f103ed78eafb080f3899 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Alonzo [Alonso] S. Perales, From Carlos Reyes B., Abril 28 de 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reyes B., Carlos Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-04-28 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. R, p037-038. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 MEXICANS DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans LAW Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0065 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant GOLIAD (Tex.) SAN Antonio (Tex.) BERCLAIR (Tex.) Description An account of the resource Letter from Carlos Reyes B. to Alonso S. Perales regarding the need for an anti-discrimination law to protect people of Mexican descent. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Berclair, Texas [From] Abril 28 de 1943 Sr. Lic.Alonso S. Perales, [To] San Antonio, Texas, Estimado Sr.[abbreviation: señor] Lic. [abbreviation: licenciado]:- Sin ninguna suya aqué referirme le dirijo la presente con el único objeto de ponerle en conocimiento los pasos que estoy dando para ver si es posible acabar con la descriminacion de que somos objeto en Goliad, Texas, los Mexicacnos. Le adjunto copia de las Comunicaciones que dirijí al County Attorney de Goliad y al General Attorney of the State, asi como tambien la copia de la contestacion que me dio el Attorney General. Segun se desprende de las mismas comunicaciones lo único que he puesto en claro, es que los dos attorneys se declaran sin jurisdiccion en el asunto, es decir que conforme a la ley está perfectamente comprobado y legal el tratamiento que se nos dá y que no hay mas remedio que aguantar las vergűenzas que nos hacen sufrir en los establecimientos donde los que los regentean se quieren dar el lujo de descriminarnos con decirmos “aqui no servimos a los Mexicanos.” He venido siguiendo muy de serca los pasos que Ud.ha dado en este mismo asunto de tratar de ponerle un hasta aqui a la descriminacion, y he visto las comunicaciones dirijidas por Ud.tanto al Sub Sec. de Estado Mr. Welles como a la Sec. de Relaciones Ext. de Mexico, tambien meha enterado de las contestaciones que le han dado las que no han sido satisfactorias segun mi modo de pensar, porque tanto uno como otro se salen por la tangente con cortecias sin querer poner el dedo en la llaga. Estas cortecias nos estan costando muy caro y si en los actuals momentos que vivimos no consequimos que se suprima este odioso proceder, Sr. Lic.nunca lo vamos a conseguir, por lo que en mi torpe manera de pensar creo que lo que debemos hacer es enfocar todas los elementos que para este caso se requieran, presentando un frente solido, sin desviarnos del punto de vista y por medio de una accion conjunta de toda la Colonia Mexicana residente en Texas, sin distinction de Ciudadania puesto que los Mexicanos nacidos en Texas reciben el mismo tratamiento que los existentes y las que se lleguen a formar, para formar la union que nos debe llevar al triunfo. [page 2] Sr.Lic.Perales, Quiero ser lo mas explicito que me sea posible, y por lo mismo mi sugestion anterior es solamente lo que yo pienso que se pueda hacer en este asunto, y por supuesto que si Ud. tiene otra major, bien venida sea, todo lo que yo aspire y mis campañeros que me siguen en Goliad bajo la reciente organizacion que se esta formando con el nombre de “Padres de Familia Lation-Americanos con hijos en el Ejercito de los U.S.” el nombre de la organizacion es largo; pero no hay otro medio de acortar su nombre que alcance la denominacion complete. Ahorita todavia la Organizacion no toma participacion en manera alguna para protestar por el tratamientoque se nos da, hasta en tanto no logremos obtener un paso en firme para no fracasar, por lo que el trabajo que yo estoy desarrollando es solamente de exploracion de terreno que vamos a pisar, y una vez obtenido el plan de accion entonces si todas estamos dispuestos a contribuir con nuestro grano de arena para al canzar el triunfo. No será solamente en Goliad donde habrá un grupo congregado bajo la denominacion arriba expresado, sino que en todos los lugares que me sea posible organizer, lo voy a hacer, hasta ahorita solamente he buscado alianza con “Los Hijos de America” en seguida trataremos de conseguirla de los LULACS y en fin de todas aquellas que luchen por el mismo fin. Le suplico estudie mi plan y si cree factible mi idea en mucho estimaré toda insinuacion que a bien tenga hacerme y manos a la obra. En este mismo sentido me dirijo al Dr. Castillo Najera, quien por una casualidad es mi paisano, y le suplico a él igualmente que nos preste ayuda con su valiosa influencia, para que no se nos siga dando atole con el dedo, ya no queremos cortecias, queremos accion, hechos que justifiquen la “politica del buen vecino”. Antes de terminar quiero manifestarle que Ud. no es un desconocido para mi, y aunque no he tenido el placer de saludarlo, espero hacerlo en la primer oportunidad que se me presente, Jose Ma.Villarreal que es o fué cuñado suyo, es tio de mi esposa, y sabiendo que Arturo hijo de Jose Ma. Esta con Ud. sirvase saludarlo, tampoco lo conosco, porque una vez que él vino a ver Jose Ma.cuando éste estaba sembrando conmigo, yo no estaba en el rancho y no lo ví, pero lo reconosco como primo de mi esposa. Hecha la anterior manifestaction restame solamente ofrecerme a sus ordines y mandar cuanto guste a su. Aftmo.[abbreviation: afectísimo] Atto [abbreviation: atento] .S.S. [abbreviation: seguro servidor] , Carlos Reyes B. [Handwritten] Cartas Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Ley Mexicanos Perales, Alonso S. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/201/pera0064.jpg e10e99e043c5c6d3d63caeddae8d9c4b http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/201/pera0064_001.jpg d17f1b5eb957bbd206d7507d2c0d3045 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/201/pera0064_002.jpg 012a02868d3d97f329796e295df0a14a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Sr. Lic. Don Alonso S. Perales. From Christine D. Pérez, a 5 de mayo de 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pérez, Christine D. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-05-05 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. P-Q, p032-034. 3p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0064 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS RACE discrimination RESIGNATION Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant SAN Antonio (Tex.) Description An account of the resource Letter from Christine D. Pérez to Alonso S. Perales that details five situations or cases of discrimination against employees of Mexican descent at different places of employment. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [page 1] San Antonio, Texas [From] A 5 de mayo de 1943 Sr. Lic. Don Alonso S. Perales [To] 714 Gunter Bldg. San Antonio, Texas Mi muy querido y distinguido amigo, en esta ocacion tengo el honor de escribir a ud., primeramente pars saludarlo y estrechar mi mano para con su buena persona y al mismo tiempo deseo hacer a ud., una pregunta. Sr. Lic. Perales ud que a luchador tanto por los nuestros y que por su larga experiencia de tanto ano [año] de trabajo por una causa justa que se desea obtener a atraves del tiempo y de lucha y que desde hace mucho tiempo nosotros los que trabajamos juntamente con nuestros conciudadanos Anglo-Americanos el dia y la noche hacienda el trabajo masrudo y que siempre esperan mas de un latino que de ninguna otra raza no se condoleran algun dia de estos que hacen el trabajo y que no tienen ni se les da ningun credito en su favor de estos hombres que Tambien son hombres de igual habilidad e inteligencia y en ocaciones hasta sobre salen y se distinguen de todas las demas razas tanto en los compos de batalla como en las plantas de defense, fabricas, industrias, etc., Si nuestro Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America a proclamadolo que ellos le nombran “The Goodneighbor Policy” Asi como el Panamericanismo que se trata de implanter y sistematizar en este pais como vomas a creer nosotros los nativos de este estado de Texas en el panamericanismo si no se nos da igual derecho ni se nos hace JUSTICIA? Sr. Perales voy a contarle algunos muy pequenos casos que pasan en uno de los campos mas grandes de nuestros alrrededores que se conoce con el nobre de Kelly Field, Texas O sea the [Illegible - SAAD], no lo hago con el [handwritten: FIN] de hacer ninguna protesta ni mucho menos sino unicamente hacerle saber lo que ocurre. [page 2] Caso No. 1 El Sr. Bill Extence un storekeeper del accessories branch section “H” manda algunas partes de un pedido que se hace de un campo de aviacion y por negligencia manda partes en exceso por gran cantidad. El amo se da cuenta el Sr. Pearl Lanum y viene asi a Bill y le dise parece que hiziste un error en el pedido de ayer, Bill contesta y le dise al amo, si hasta hoy me doy cuenta que lo hize pero fue un equivoco que cualquiera lo hace, si Bill no te fijes dice Lanum el Supt. palmeando la espalda a Bill al fin y alcabo que tenemos un tio muy rico, el Tio Sam. Caso No. 2 El Sr. Morales un Storekeeper del mismo departemento [Handwritten - Illegible- manda] algunas partes de igual manera para un campo mediato con excepcion de [handwritten – illegible - ?] el sr. Morales al despachar dicho pedido se da cuenta a tiempo y descubre que ay un contenido que tiene partes de mas. A ese tiempo que el Sr. morales esta habriendo dicho contenido llega el Supt. Y le dice ahora me doy cuenta porque no podemos nostros llevar una contabilidad exacta en nueatra bodega si no puedes hacer el trabajo como se debe ya me puedes ir diciendo que ay alguen quien pueda hacer el trabajo mejor. Caso No. 3 Descriminacion De Mason Texas viene a trabajar un Coyboy [Cowboy] de nombre Fred Winters, Tiene de trabajar en este dept. como tres meses desde Febrero para esta fecha por no poner un mexicano bien capacitado en el turno de en la noche ponen a dicho coyboy [cowboy] como supervisor de dicho dept. y dos Sres. Mexicanos tienen que hacerle el trabajo y decirle lo que debe hacer cuando hace su reporte Dichos Sres. Son Mr Castro y el Sr. Morales. Caso No. 4 El dia 7 de mayo de 194[Illegible - 3] se iniciaron tres trabajadores como storekeepers en este mismo dept. antes mencionado dos Anglo-Americanos y un mexicano De Nombres, Cramer, Ford Y Perez. Cramer antes de trabajar en este dept. su ocupacion era comprar autos viejos y hacer reparaciones en autos, Ford es nativo de Karnes City, Tex. Agricultor, en cambio Perez de esta ciudad del Alamo es Oficinista, contador Notario Publico, pera los que tienen puetos de responsabilidad ahora como es natural por orden del St. B.K. Eiserloh que es el Supt. En jefe dio orden a Ford y a cramer para vinieran a su despacho para hacerlos uno su Asst. que es Cramer el Junk Yard man de So. Flores St. y a Ford como Supervisor en una bodega el Farmer. Y Perez lo quitaron de un cargo que tenia en North Kelly, para traerlo ala misma bodega para que les ayudase a las mujeres a levanter las cosas pesadas por que faltaban trabajadoras y en su lugar pusieron un Amigo del Supt. Lanum con tres dias de experiencia en el trabajo un joven de nombre Duran Anglo-Americano. Caso No. 5 Longhorn Portland Cement Co. En esta Fabrica de cemento me dan la noticia en estos por conducto de un hermano mio que de acaba de desocupar por motive de que siendo el uno de los mas antiguos trabajadores de dicha fabrica, y uno de los mas expertos molineros de ese lugar. Fue forzado presentar su renuncia. [page 3] El motive porque presente su renuncia fue como sigue. El Sr. Juan D. Perez despues de trabajar mas de 13 anos con la misma Compania en diferentes trabajos de la misma demostro a sus jefes que sabia trabajar y tenia inteligencia despues de [Illegible - algu ] tiempo de experiencia en los talleres de dicha fabrica lo hacendieron operandor de molinos donde por algunos anos hizo una buena labor y fue respetado por sus demas companeros donde se gano buen credito y buena reputacion por sucomportamiento entre sus compareros, una vez que el Supt. Despues de largo tiempo vio los adelantos que el Sr. Perez tenia en su trabajo dicho jefe fue poniendo poco a poco a otros Sres. mexicanos en la misma posicion que el Sr. Perez no lo hacia porque les tubiera un cierto afecto a dichos Sres. Sino porque ellos podian producir mas ala compania. Hasta llenar lost res turnos de molineros mexicanos todos con sueldo de 72 centavos por hora, 8 horas diarias y 40 Horas por semana. Pero resulta que vienen mas amigos del Sr. G.W. Wiese Supt. Dela Fabrica de cemento y el dia primero de mayo de 1943 llama el Supt. Al Sr. Perez y le dise Perez no puedo pagarte el sueldo que tu ganavas antes ni puedo dejarte trabajar en los molinos pero no quiero decir con esto que te voy a desocupar del trabajo sino que en tu lugar voy a ponera a otros molineros y tu te voy a poner a trabajar en las pompas o sea de operador de pompas a razon de 58 centavos por hora, la respuesta del Sr. Perez fue esta Mr. Wiese yo nesesito trabajar y trabajo en ese lugar siempre que ud. desea para mi en trece (13) anos que tengo yo de trabajar en esta compania? Si ese es el pago y la gratitud que ud. tiene para le agradesco Sr. Wiese Y por esta razon y razon muy justa le doy mi renuncia. Sr. Perales Cuando se nos hara Justicia? Llegaremos a tener Igualdad? Deseo me conteste mi pregunta agradeciendole sinseramente como el ultimo de sus amigos. Su Atto [abbreviation: atento] ss. [abbreviation: seguro servidor] Christina D. Perez [Handwritten] 3315 W. [Handwritten -Illegible] rd SA, Tex [Handwritten] Cartas Discriminación racial Pérez, Christine D. Renuncia http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/205/pera0063.jpg b630aad7127de99ddb1fa75779a9e7f5 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/205/pera0063_001.jpg ef77a2116e8334c9c8121d45e9cdca33 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Mr. Coke Stevenson, Governor, From Ricardo Ogas, September 18, 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ogas, Ricardo Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-09-18 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. M, Issue ., p140-141. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS RACE discrimination - public establishments MILITARY Personnel STEVENSON, Coke R. (Coke Robert), 1888-1975 PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 MEXICAN American Soldiers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0063 Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter to Governor Coke Stevenson from Ricardo Ogas a U.S. Naval Reservist regarding an incident of racial discrimination that took place in a local pool hall in Alpine Texas. Frank Young, manager of the Pool Hall refused to allow Mr. Ogas to play because he was a “Mexican boy”. In the letter, Mr. Ogas is requesting an apology. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ALPINE (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Alpine, Texas [From] September 18, 1943 Hon. Mr. Coke Stevenson, Governor [To] Austin, Texas Honorable and dear sir: By the present letter I want to acknowledge you of the following incident which happened to me, the writer of this letter, personally. Before going any further I want to give you the following facts: my name: RICARDO OGAS Slc; U.S. Naval Reserve; Tag No. 624-42-71; T. 6-42, B.T.A.- U.S.S. Honolulu. My commander is Capt. Hailer. I was born in Alpine, Texas, on December 4, 1924. I am at present on leave of absence for 25 days. I will now relate to you what happened to me on Monday afternoon September 13. I was walking along Alpine’s Main street and while passing by the Pool Hall was invited in by another sailor by the name of Edward Copland Slc. I accepted his invitation, we both walked in and then I started to greet the other boys present. While talking to these boys a civilian boy asked me to play pool with him. I refused on account of not knowing the game very well; but he insisted and I finally agreed to play with him. While I was getting ready to play, Frank Young, Manager of the Pool Hall, approaved and told me that I was not allowed to play. I asked why. He answered me by saying that I was a Mexican boy and, therefore, I could not play in there, because if I played the Negroes would also like to come and play there. I asked him if he had any appreciation for the part the Latin Americans are playing to win this war. He said he did, but still could not help it on account of me being a Spanish-American boy. So he again told me that because of that fact I could not play. I thanked him and walked out. I have been in the Navy for eighteen months and have taken part in four major engagements with the enemy. The love of my country and the desire to help save it prompted me to enter the service as a volunteer. I had not been home since I entered, and now that I am here the aforesaid incident happened to me. Incidents like this are helping to break the morale of our Latin American people and fighting men. I, therefore, thought it best to communicate t you the discrimination to which our people are subjected here in this town, though they are born Americans but of Latin extraction. I, myself, and the Latin Americans of this city of Alpine, therefore, demand an APOLOGY from the manager of the Pool Hall for the affront put upon me, my country, and the people of Latin American extraction. Thanking you for your consideration on this particular and for the good will you have shown to the Latin Americans of this State, resting assured that you will do all that is in your power to help settle and correct that difficulty, and hoping to hear from you soon, I remain Respectfully yours, Ricardo Ogas, Slc. (Handwritten - Signature) Cartas Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos Perales, Alonso S. Personal Militar Soldados-Mexicanoamericanos Stevenson, Coke R. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/206/pera0062.jpg c2c58cf47d8ef0782878b93228d2e824 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/206/pera0062_001.jpg 53d29b0ad5a83e1bd045b0f98d58e5e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Governor Coke Stevenson, Executive Department, From Lorenzo G. Lafarelle, Alphine, Texas, September 30, 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lafarelle, Lorenzo G. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-09-30 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. J-L, p144-145. 2p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS RACE discrimination - public establishments STEVENSON, Coke R. (Coke Robert), 1888-1975 LAFARELLA, Lornezo G. COMPLAINT letters LATIN Americans MILITARY Personnel LAW TEXAS. Good Neighbor Commission TEXAS State Guard GRANADA Theatres Ltd. APOLOGIZING Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0062 Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter to Governor Coke Stevenson from Lorenzo G. Lafarelle, submitting a formal complaint of racial discrimination by Mr. C.W. Davis. manager for a movie theater establishment in Alpine Texas. Mr. Lafarelle is a Sergeant in the Texas State Guard and demands an apology from Mr. C.W. Davis and requests that the Governor provide information regarding the outcome of the complaint. Good Neighbor Commission is referenced. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ALPINE (Tex.) AUSTIN (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Alpine, Texas [From] September 30, 1943 Governor Coke Stevenson [To] Executive Department Austin, Texas Dear Sir: Knowing very well your sincere desire to help eliminate the racial discrimination and prejudice that some Anglo Americans exercise against the Latin American people, and knowing of HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION No. 105 passed on the 25th day of June, A.D., 1943, as also of your OPEN LETTER TO PEACE OFFICERS IN TEXAS, I, LORENZO G. LAFARELLE, formally file a complaint to you and the GOOD NEIGHBOR COMMISSION against Mr. C.W. Davis, Manager of the GRANADA THEATRE in Alpine, for the following discriminatory incident which happened to me, personally, at that theatre, on Wednesday night, September 15, 1943. I invited two Latin American girls (college students) to the picture show, at the local theatre. They accepted my invitation. We approached the Box Office, at the theatre, and I asked for three downstairs tickets. The ticket girl, her name being Emy Lou Harris, refused to sell them to me. I asked her the reason for her refusal to see me downstairs tickets. She said that she had orders from the manager, Mr. C, W, Davis, not to sell downstairs tickers to any Latin American. She told me that I could have balcony tickets, but not downstairs tickets. I demanded to see Mr. Davis about the matter and get an explanation from him as to the reason for this action, but I was told that he was out of town. After I had left the girls at the Dormitory, I contacted the boy that was receiving the tickets that night, his name being Billie Weston, and tried to confirm from him the box office girl’s assertions as to the orders she had received from the manager, He asserted Miss Harris’ statements. He said they had orders not to sell downstairs tickets or let any Latin Americans go downstairs. Now, I ask you. Is this racial discrimination? Of course, it is. Any person who can think can see in this action a clear and unjust case of racial discrimination. The only reason why I was refused the tickets was that I am a Latin American. Then why, I ask you, is a Latin American expected to fight against Hitler’s and the Japs’ ideas of a superior race, when he sees those principles against which we are fighting practiced against him by many Anglo Americans; even here at home? I want a sound, intelligent, and logical explanation for that. It is unbelievable that such conditions exist in our country, where we proclaim liberty and justice for all. In my opinion nothing could be more Un-Christian and Un-American. It is very strange that our Anglo American brothers who sympathize so much with the oppressed peoples of Europe and Asia, and so strongly condemn their oppressors, persecute a people at home, who loyalty has never been questioned, who have always treated them with the utmost courtesy, who have ever been ready to meet them half-way. I am a young man of 19 years of age, born here in Alpine, and a Sergeant in the Texas State Guard. My brother, Gonzalo G. Lafarelle, was up until his induction into the Army of the United States, a 2nd Lieutenant in Co. A., 3rd Bn., Texas State Guard. Incidents like the one I cite above have been contributing greatly to lower the spirit of our people as well as our fighting men. Such incidents are a crime against American democracy and equality. They put Texas in a low status as a civilized state. I demand an apology from Mr. C.W. Davis, for such a discriminatory and shameful act, and ask as a citizen of the Untied States and of Texas that such discriminatory acts against our people be discontinued. I want him to apologize, if he is enough of a gentleman, to those girls which were in my company when I was refused downstairs tickets at the theatre. I also demand that it may be known to me the outcome of this complaint, and of your and GOOD NEIGHBOR COMMISSION’S dealings with Mr. C.W. Davis regarding this matter. Thank you in advance for your interest on this particular, and expecting to have a favorable reply from you very soon, I remain Respectfully yours, Lorenzo G. Lafarelle Cartas de queja Discriminación racial - establecimientos públicos Granada Theatres Ltd. Lafarelle, Lorenzo Latinoamericanos Ley Pedir Perdon Perales, Alonso S. Personal Militar Stevenson, Coke R. Texas State Guard Texas. Good Neighbor Commission http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/208/pera0061.jpg 1bcdd485233a52b55abda85b2b91d8f7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To [Missing], Honorable Pleasanton Board of Education, Pleasanton, Independent School District, From Alonso S. Perales, Sept, 24, 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946-09-24 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: Law Practice: Cases & Contracts, c. 1918-1960. Cases L-R, p167-167. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0061 Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant PLEASANTON (Tex.) Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS SCHOOL districts--Texas SEGREGATION in education. LATIN Americans PROTESTS and social movements PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Description An account of the resource Letter from Alonso S. Perales to the Honorable Board of Education, Pleasanton Independent School District protesting the segregation of the Latin American Children from the Anglo American Children in school. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Sept. 24, 1946. [Handwritten – Date] Honorable Board of Education, Pleasanton Independent School District, Pleasanton, Texas. Gentlemen: We are enclosing herewith an application signed by patrons of your School District. It speaks for itself. Their protest against the segregation of the Latin American children from the Anglo-American children up to and including the sixth grade seems to be well founded and very reasonable. We believe that the tendency of our school system should be to unite our citizenry rather than divide them among themselves. It is high time that the Anglo-American and the Latin-American people of Texas were knowing and understanding one another better. We are all Americans practically, and those who do not have American citizenship are good neighbors. However, if our schools persist in their endeavor to keep our children apart, we fail to see how we are going to bring about a better understanding between the two peoples. Would you be willing to cease to segregate them at least in the 4th, 5th and 6th grades? May we hear from you? Thanking you, we remain Yours very truly, Alonso S. Perales Cartas Distrito Escolar--Texas Latinoamericanos Manifestaciones y movimientos sociales Perales, Alonso S. Pleasanton Independent School District Segregación en la educación http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/209/pera0060.jpg 9b0698e19514dc42e31c2cb70281ab3b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Personal Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To [Missing], Honorable Board of Education, Pleasanton Independent school District, From Alonso S. Perales, Oct. 10th, 1946. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946-10-10 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: Law Practice: Cases & Contracts, c. 1918-1960. Cases L-R, p164-164. 1p. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0060 Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Description An account of the resource Letter from Alonso S. Perales to the Pleasanton Independent School District, Board of Education regarding segregation of Latin American children from the Anglo American children from grades up to sixth grade. Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS SEGREGATION in education. LATIN Americans PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 SCHOOL board members SCHOOL districts--Texas Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant PLEASANTON (Tex.) AUSTIN (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Oct. 10th 1946. Honorable Board of Education, Pleasanton Independent School District, Pleasanton, Texas. Gentlemen: Kindly let us have a reply t our letter of September 24, 1946, regarding the segregation of the Latin American children from the Anglo-American children up to and including the sixth grade in the public schools of your District. If we do not hear from you by Monday, October 14th, 1946, we shall assume that you are not willing to grant to the protesting patrons of your School District the relief which they seek, and we shall immediately take the matter up with the State Superintendent of Public Instruction of Austin, Texas. Respectfully, Alonso S. Perales Cartas Distrito Escolar--Texas Latinoamericanos Miembros de la Junta Escolar Perales, Alonso S. Pleasanton Independent School District Segregación en la educación