55 10 1713 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/42/5713/ESCA0026.jpg 32ec1a250769bb349f7d5a643d70a628 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/42/5713/ESCA0026.1.jpg 32ec1a250769bb349f7d5a643d70a628 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Esther Campos Collection Subject The topic of the resource Education--Texas School boards School board members Women in politics--Texas Latinas--Political activity Civic leaders Public schools--Texas Awards Community development Local governments School elections Educación--Texas Juntas escolares Mujeres en la polític--Texas Latinas--Actividad política Líderes cívicos Escuelas públicas--Texas Premios Desarrollo comunitario Description An account of the resource This collection documents the life, career and community contributions of María Esther Campos (1930–2025), a Houston educator, bilingual instructor, counselor, assistant principal and longtime trustee of the Houston Independent School District (HISD) Board, District VIII. Materials include photographs, letters, campaign flyers, news clippings, proclamations, awards, certificates, dissertation proposal, funeral programs and other items highlighting her professional achievements, political activism and recognition as a civic leader. The collection captures her advocacy for educational equity, Hispanic representation in public service and leadership in local, state and community organizations. Esta colección documenta la vida, carrera y contribuciones comunitarias de María Esther Campos (1930–2025), educadora de Houston, instructora bilingüe, consejera, subdirectora y parte de larga trayectoria de la Junta de Educación del Houston Independent School District (HISD), Distrito VIII. Los materiales incluyen fotografías, cartas, folletos de campaña, recortes de prensa, proclamaciones, premios, certificados, propuesta de tesis y otros documentos efímeros que destacan sus logros profesionales, activismo político y reconocimiento como líder cívica. La colección refleja su defensa de la equidad educativa, la representación hispana en el servicio público y su liderazgo en organizaciones locales, estatales y comunitarias. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Campos, Esther (1963-2005) Houston Chronicle La Voz University of Houston League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Houston Chronicle La Voz University of Houston Forest Park Lawndale Funeral Home Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963-2055 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Gallegos, Olga Campos Benz, Olga Franklin, Ron Fraga, Felix Ramirez, Teresa V. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Still image Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ESCA0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Houston, Texas Harris County, Texas Texas Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Esther Campos Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ESCA0026 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olga Gallegos to the Campos family Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gallegos, Olga Description An account of the resource Letter from Olga Gallegos, Houston Independent School District (HISD) trustee of the Board of Education District III, thanking the Campos family for their attendance and support of the special tribute to Esther and herself held at Ripley House on 20 September 2003. Carta de Olga Gallegos, integrante de la Junta de Educación del Distrito Escolar Independiente de Houston (HISD) Distrito III, agradeciendo a la familia Campos por su asistencia y apoyo al homenaje especial a Esther y a ella misma realizado en Ripley House. Subject The topic of the resource Letters Education--Texas School boards School board members Civic leaders--Texas Women in politics--Texas Public schools--Texas Cartas Educación--Texas Juntas escolares Integrantes de juntas escolares Líderes cívicos--Texas Mujeres en política--Texas Escuelas públicas--Texas Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-11-21 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ripley House, Houston, Texas Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas educación Education HISD Board letters política politics http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/378/pera0033.jpg edb411dfa8d4040875e7555a09cdcf9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To All L.U.L.A.C Councils, From Frank T. Galvan, Jr., President League of United Latin American Citizens, October 8, 1936. Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS CLASSIFICATION (Conflict of laws) UNITED States. Bureau of the Census LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens RACE discrimination MEXICAN Americans PETITIONS LATINO Americans PROTESTS and social movements Description An account of the resource Letter from Frank J.Galvan Jr. to all LULAC Councils. The letter is in protest of the local Registrar of Vital Statistics attempt to classify members of the Spanish speaking race as colored to the Bureau of Census of the United States Department of Commerce. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Galvan, Jr., Frank J. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: LULAC & Sons of America: Correspondence, 1927-1957, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Publico Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1936-10-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0033 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant EL PASO (Tex.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. [Header] INTERNATIONAL MATTERS IN ALL LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES DOMESTIC PRACTICE IN ALL STATE COURTS LAW OFFICES OF FRANK J. GALVAN ATTORNEY AT LAW SUITE 211-212 CAPLES BUILDING EL PASO, TEXAS [End header] October 8, 1936 TO ALL LULAC COUNCILS: Recently, here in El Paso the local Registrar of Vital Statistics attempted to classify the members of the Spanish speaking race, in making his annual report to the Bureau of Census of the United States Department of Commerce, as colored people. Violent protests and manifestations were immediately made a suit of injunction was filed to prevent the Registrar from classifying us as colored people for the purpose of vital statistics records for the United States Census Bureau. The local Registrar answered and, among other things, stated that teh Bureau of Census had requested him to so fill out his annual reports to Washington, but that as to the local registration, the Spanish people would be continued to be classified as Whites. There is no question in my mind but that the Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce has insulted our race in classifying us as colored in their statistics reports. It is about time that each Council of our League do something to correct this error. Therefore, I suggest that a petition be made and circulated making our protests known to the Congressmen of our respective Districts and requesting them to interview the proper officials of the Bureau of Census to the end of correcting our classification to white and not as of color. It seems to me that to us Lulackers this is a matter of vital importance and I am asking your whole-hearted cooperation in this matter, which I am sure each of you will be only too glad to render. With kindest personal regards to each and all of you, I remain Yours fraternally, [signed] Frank J. Galvan, Jr. FRANK J. GALVAN, JR. President, League of United Latin American Citizens http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4911/pera0497_page-0001.jpg bc43cbefa9e2c4dd711107824fc41aff http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4911/pera0497_page-0002.jpg 9f13d97ae415e08cf162270d5541db50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0497 Title A name given to the resource To Lic Alonzo S. Perales, From [ Juan and Emilio Flores Jr.], February 27, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-02-27 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants Description An account of the resource Letter from Juan Garces and Emilio Flores Jr. to Alonso S. Perales informing him that Manda's Cafe in Runge, Texas refuses service to people of Mexican descent. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garces, Juan Flores, Jr., Emilio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 "El Lic. Perales solicita informes de importancia." Prensa, 13 Feb. 1944, p. 3. Readex: America's Historical Newspapers, infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2%3A11F30FF2F63C9976%40EANX-120C76E2F030DE48%402431134-120640EE8BF998F8%402. Accessed 18 Nov. 2022. Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Runge (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial--restaurantes Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/11/pera0093.jpg c806e6bc3ddeec978b2e58122d5bc703 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Affidavit sworn by Dolores Garcia de Garcia and Lupe C. Banasau to Alonso S. Perales Description An account of the resource Affidavit sworn by Dolores Garcia de Garcia and Lupe C. Banasau that states that the Manhattan Cafe in Hondo, Texas refused to serve them in July 1946 because they were of Mexican descent. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garcia de Garcia, Dolores Banasau, Guadalupe C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections Perales, Alonso S. Are We Good Neighbors? 1948. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946-08-07 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0093 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant SAN Antonio (Tex.) Subject The topic of the resource AFFIDAVITS DISCRIMINATION MILITARY MILITARY Personnel RACE discrimination - public establishments RACE discrimination - restaurants VETERAN Relation A related resource Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." <a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://arcg.is/1C1bbv</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BEXAR BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority in and for said County, State of Texas, this day personally came and appeared Dolores G. de Garcia and Lupe C. Banasau, to me well known, and who, after being by me duly sworn, did depose and say: Our names are Dolores G. Garcia and Lupe C. Banasu. We are both married and reside at 103 El Fledo Courts and 1616 Center St., respectively, in San Antonio, Texas. On Sunday, July 28th, 1946, about 9:20 P.M., we stopped at the Manhattan Cafe, in Hondo, Texas, and as soon as we went in a waitress came and told us that she was sorry, but that we could not be served because we were Mexicans. She added that those were the orders given to her by the Manager. We thereupon left. We were accompanied by Mr. Juan Garcia, husband of the said Dolores G. de Garcia, and by a young lady named Maria Magdalena Olvera. Miss Olvera resides in Brackettville, Texas. Mr. Juan Garcia is a veteran of World War No. 1 and served as Commander of the American Legion at Brackettville, Texas, from 1944 to 1945. Mr. Richard Banasau, husband of the said Lupe C. Banasau, is now a member of the United States Army. He fought in the Philippinnes during World War No. 2. The said Lupe C. Banasau also has a son, Ernest Banasau, who served overseas in World War No. 2. Further affiants sayeth not. [signed] Dolores Garcia de Garcia, [signed] Lupe C. Banasau. Sworn to and subscribed before me, this the 7th day of August, A.D. 1946. [signed] Alonso S. Perales Notary Public, Bexar County, Texas Declaración jurada Discriminación Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial en restaurantes Militar Personal Militar Veterano http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/26/4980/lavoz0098.jpg a3322841b089f526cf77a9f8e8afc110 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Antifascismo y feminismo en la "Página de la mujer" de La Voz (Nueva York, 1938)/ Antifascism and feminism in the "Women´s page" of La Voz (New York, 1938) Subject The topic of the resource Spanish Periodicals Prensa en español Anti-fascist movements--United States Movimientos antifascistas--Estados Unidos Spain--History--Civil War, 1936-1939 España--Historia--Guerra Civil, 1936-1939 Women´s rights Derechos de las mujeres Women and fascism Mujeres y fascismo Description An account of the resource 1. Selección de documentos que ilustran la historia del periódico La Voz (Nueva York: 1937-1939). 2. Selección de artículos de contenido político y social publicados en 1938 en la "Página de la mujer" de La Voz sobre asuntos políticos: antifascismo, valores democráticos, feminismo, derechos de las mujeres, movimientos por la paz y solidaridad internacional Este proyecto se ha llevado a cabo gracias a una beca del US Latino Digital Humanities program (USLDH) y The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Para más información sobre esta iniciativa de Recuperación del Legado Literario Hispánico en USA/Arte Público Press: <a href="https://artepublicopress.com/2020-usldh-mellon-funded-grants-in-aid-projects/">https://artepublicopress.com/2020-usldh-mellon-funded-grants-in-aid-projects/</a> <h5>Cómo citar este proyecto: Ana María Díaz-Marcos. "Antifascismo y feminismo en la "Página de la mujer" de La Voz (Nueva York, 1938)" Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Digital Collections. http://129.7.224.3/collections/show/26. Acceso [FECHA].</h5> 1. Selected documents illustrating the history of the Spanish newspaper La Voz (New York: 1937-1939). 2. A collection of selected articles from the "Women´s page" published in 1938 in La Voz addressing political and social issues: antifascism, democracy, feminism, women´s rights, peace movements and international solidarity. This project is supported by a grant-in-aid from the US Latino Digital Humanities program (USLDH) and The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. For more information about USLDH-Mellon grants-in-aid initiative at Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage/Arte Público Press, please visit: <a href="https://artepublicopress.com/2020-usldh-mellon-funded-grants-in-aid-projects/">https://artepublicopress.com/2020-usldh-mellon-funded-grants-in-aid-projects/</a> <h5>How to cite this project: Ana María Díaz-Marcos. "Antifascism and feminism in the "Women´s page" of La Voz (New York, 1938)" Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Digital Collections. http://129.7.224.3/collections/show/26. Accessed [DATE].</h5> <h4 style="text-align: center;">Editado y compilado por/Curated and compiled by Prof. Ana María Díaz-Marcos, University of Connecticut. </h4> <div style="text-align: center;">Agradecimientos/Acknowledgements </div> Vitalina Alfonso (Cuba), José María Arévalo López de Ontiveros (Editorial Almuzara), Gloria y Raquel Barbazán Starace (Nueva York), Ciro Bianchi Ross (Cuba), Eric Caraballoso Díaz (Cuba), Montse Feu (Sam Houston State University), Richard Foster (Biblioteca Pública de Nueva York), Ana Lau Jaivén (UAM, México), Vida Montseny y Esgleas y Catherine Portoff (Francia), Cristina Pérez Jiménez (Manhattan College), Paul Preston (London School of Economics), Dolores Ruiz-Ibárruri Sergueyeva (Madrid), Enrique Saínz de la Torriente (Cuba), Sonia Thon (Acadia University, Canadá), Mikel Urabaien Otamendi (Diario de Noticias), Elena Vicéns (ACИ, Moscú), Vianca Victor y Tara Craig (Columbia University), Lindsay Wittwer (CUNY) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Spanish Newspaper Corporation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived New York Public Library, General Research Division La Voz: Diario Democrático Avanzado (Nueva York) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Spanish Newspaper Corporation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-1939 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Aparicio, Rosa Amelia Barbazán, Ceferino Batlle y Ordóñez, José Comités Femeninos Unidos Comité Pro Diario Popular Hispano Federn, Etta García, María del Refugio "Cuca" González, Ernestina Hellmann, Lillian Ibárruri, Dolores Lagerlöf, Selma Mares, Lina Miaja Menant, José Montseny, Federica Nelken, Margarita Robles de Mendoza, Margarita Torriente, Loló de la Trejo, Blanca Lydia Valdés Cadilla, José Villareal, María Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This site is for educational and research purposes only **FAIR USE** Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Note: La voz should be in public domain. The newspaper was published with a copyright note between 1937-1939 but there is no registration in the Catalogue of Copyright entries on those years. Copyright was not renewed after 28 years and it does not appear in the 1965 Catalogue of Copyright. We are grateful to Gloria and Raquel Barbazán Starace, daughter and granddaughter of Ceferino Barbazán, president of La voz, for granting permission to publish this selection of articles. Esta colección tiene fines educativos y de investigación. **USO JUSTO** permitido dentro del marco de fines como la crítica, el comentario, las noticias, la enseñanza, la educación y la investigación. Nota: Esta investigación concluye que La voz está en dominio público. El periódico se publicó con una nota de derechos entre 1937-1939 pero no está registrado en el Registro del Copyright en esos años. Tampoco se renovaron los derechos después de 28 años y el periódico no aparece en el catálogo de Derechos de Autor de 1965. Nuestro más sincero agradecimiento a Gloria y Raquel Barbazán Starace, hija y nieta del presidente de La voz, Ceferino Barbazán, por otorgar su permiso para publicar esta selección de artículos. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context lavoz0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York, N.Y., USA Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La República es sobre todo constructiva Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garcia Riu, Lorenza Description An account of the resource El artículo narra la visita de Laura Giner de los Ríos a la sede de "Socorro rojo" en Cataluña y sus reflexiones sobre ideales republicanos: el impulso a la educación, la emancipación de la mujer y la valoración de la juventud. The article describes the visit of Laurar Giner de los Ríos to the "Red Aid" association in Catalonia and her thoughts on republican ideals: the emphasis on education, women´s emancipation, and the valorization of the youth Subject The topic of the resource Spanish newspapers--Sections, columns, etc. Spain--History--Republic, 1931-1939 Periódicos españoles-- Secciones, columnas, etc. España--Historia--República, 1936-1939 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938-10-29 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context lavoz0098 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived New York Public Library La voz (New York), p. 7 Language A language of the resource Spanish Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available La voz: Diario Democrático Avanzado. Nueva York Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York, (N.Y.) Spain Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/283/pera0015.jpg 8cb117ce88f3ce57d6b52269e02d0522 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/283/pera0015_001.jpg f5e5e8ef0fceb5aedca43e705ab5506e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource To Alonso S. Perales, From Antonio R Garcia 317th Army Air Force, February 25, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-02-25 Language A language of the resource Spanish Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant BRADY (Tex.) SAN Antonio (Tex.) CURTIS Field (Brady, Tex.) Subject The topic of the resource LETTERS DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION against Latin Americans DISCRIMINATION against Mexican Americans DISCRIMINATION in education MEXICAN Americans RACE discrimination - public establishments UNITED States. Army Air Forces. Troop Carrier Group, 317th PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Description An account of the resource Letter from Antonio R. García to Alonso S. Perales, which lists some of the cases of discrimination against people of Mexican descent that occured in Brady, Texas. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garcia, Antonio R. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0015 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Headquarters [Letter Head] 317th Army Air Forces Flying Training Detachment Army Air Forces Contract Flying School (Primary) Curtis Field Brady, Texas Feb. 25, 1944 Lic. Alonso S. Perales 714 Gunter Bldg. San Antonio, Texas Estimado Sr. Perales: Con referencia a su articulo que aparecio en el periodico "La Prensa" de San Antonio, Tex. con fecha del 13 de Febrero de 1944 le escribo la siguiente esperando le sea de beneficio para Ud. y a la vez para nuestra pobre colonia Mexicana de esta pueblito de Brady, Tex. Yo tengo un ano [año] y meses de estar estacionado en Curtis Field, campo de aviacion como a unas tres millas al Norte de Brady, Tex. y hasta la presente no he recibido ningun desaire o distinccion la ninguna en esta, pero si he notado y he visto los siguientes desaires a nuestra pobre raza en esta ciudad. 1. Los ninos Mexicanos son separados en esta hasta el septimo grado y les tienen una pequena escuela en la colonia mexicana que le nombran "Mexico" 2. En una ocasion yo en persona vi negarles el servicio a dos mexicanos en el cafe "Waffle Shop" de esta localidad. 3. Los Mexicanos no son dignos de entrar a una botica o a un cafe porque estan casi seguros de que no se les servira. 4. Sequn conversacion que he tenido con varios viejos mexicanos residentes de Brady, hubo un tiempo en que los mexicanos eran separados en los cines y hasta en unas ocasiones en el unico hospital local. 5. El "Richards Park" de esta localidad nunca es visitado por familias de nuestra raza. El verano pasado me toco visitar dicho parque varias veces y tal fue mi sopresa el nunca haber podido ver ni un mexicano conquien platicar, y esto no es por que no quieran visitarlo, es porque en varias ocasiones han sido [Illegible - rehusados]. 6. Segun informes que recibi, en un restaurant en esta. Los muy ignorantes soldados nunca fueron para quejarse con su comandante en Camp Bowie. Estos son nada mas unos cuantos de los desaires y hechos que recibe nuestra pobre raza en esta, y vamos que estamos peleando por la Libertad y Democracia. La razon porque yo no he recibido hingun pg. 2 desaire hasta esta es muy facil, mi uniforme que porto. Ojala y la information ya mencionada le sea de importancia. Si de alguna otra manera le puedo servir, estoy a su dispocicion. Esperando su contestacion a esta se despide un Atto. y S.S. Antonio R. Garcia [Handwritten signature] S/Sgt. Antonio R. Garcia 317th . AAFFTD (Basic Sch.) Curtis Field, Brady, Tex. Cartas Curtis Field (Brady, Tex.) Discriminación Discriminación contra Latinos Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación en la educación Discriminación racial - establecimientos públicos Fuerza Aérea de la Armada de los Estados Unidos, Grupo de Transporte de Tropa, 317 Mexicoamericanos Perales, Alonso S. http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4863/pera0446_page-0001.jpg 1dbdf6559968a4b211f6056e90fe06f4 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4863/pera0446_page-0002.jpg 77ca84c04e9340c19044fdd0f6f59a08 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0446 Title A name given to the resource To Sr. Lic Alonso S. Perales, From Carlos Garcia, 10 October, 1945 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-10-10 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants Description An account of the resource Letter from Carlos Garcia to Alonso S. Perales regarding the discrimination and violence his brother, Sargent Macario Garcia, faced at an establishment where he was refused service and received an injury to his hand. The author writes that his brother's lawyer, John J. Herrera, will follow up with him with the details. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garcia, Carlos Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 To [Unknown], From John J. Herrera, Attorney-at-Law. Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Richmond (Tex.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial--restaurantes Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4862/pera0445_page-0001.jpg 136dba0dc708c7aaa2e53861fcb52ef4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0445 Title A name given to the resource To Lic. Alonso Perales, From Elias Garcia, April 10, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944-04-10 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 World War, 1939-1945--United States Consumer rationing--United States Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination--public establishments Description An account of the resource Letter from Elias Garcia to Alonso S. Perales regarding an instance of discrimination in which he was denied a gasoline token multiple times from the Robertson County War and Rationing Board during WWII. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garcia, Elias Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Roberston County (East Central Texas) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación racial--establecimientos públicos Guerra Mundial, 1939-1945--Estados Unidos Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Racionamiento del consumidor--Estados Unidos Discriminación contra los mexicoamericanos http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4865/pera0448_page-0001.jpg d342b6f4f78451382c764ecff7223cf3 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/33/4865/pera0448_page-0002.jpg e0a839ea79a41e84fdf813f91efb9548 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting Discrimination: Alonso S. Perales Correspondence (1927-1952) Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Discrimination in employment Race discrimination--public establishments Race discrimination--restaurants; Segregation in education Discrimination in housing Race discrimination in medical care Veteran Police brutality Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927-1952 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Content compilation of The Latino/Hispanic American Experience Leaders, Writers and Thinkers copyright 2012 by Arte Público Historical Collections. All rights reserved. Relation A related resource <a href="https://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/collections/show/1">Alonso S. Perales Collection</a> Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0000 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Texas Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy. Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos. Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0448 Title A name given to the resource To Sr Alonzo Perales, From H. Garcia, Nov 28 1949. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949-11-28 Subject The topic of the resource Letters Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Discrimination against Mexican Americans Race discrimination Discrimination in employment Description An account of the resource Letter from H. Garcia to Alonso S. Perales regarding the discrimination people of Mexican descent face at the city's water department, where they receive no paid vacations and no overtime, despite working more than 40 hours a week. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garcia, H. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Relation A related resource Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Language A language of the resource Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant San Antonio (Tex) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Cartas Discriminación contra mexicoamericanos Discriminación en el empleo Discriminación racial Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960 http://usldhrecovery.uh.edu/files/original/1/14/pera0090.jpg cedeaae224e8c7f840b6eec44ba2abdd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alonso S. Perales Collection Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Arte Público Press Language A language of the resource Spanish English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Photograph Subject The topic of the resource PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens CIVIC participation: working for civil rights MEXICAN Americans LATINO Americans ACTIVISTS RACE discrimination Relation A related resource Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Description An account of the resource Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Affidavit sworn by Jesús García to Alonso S. Perales Description An account of the resource On Sunday, June 30, 1946, a group of seven men (Jesus Garcia, Oscar Mayen, Joe Sanchez, Henry -------, Pedro Solis, Louis Leonard, and Bob Clay) visit Captain Davis Cafe in Rockport, Texas. The men of Latin American descent are told they will not be served. In response, the two Anglo American men in their group refuse to eat at the cafe if the men of Latin American descent are not served. All seven men walk out of the restaurant. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Garcia, Jesus Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Alonso S. Perales Papers. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections Perales, Alonso S. Are We Good Neighbors? 1948. EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1946-07-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Perales, Alonso S. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context pera0090 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant ROCKPORT (Tex.) SAN Antonio (Tex.) Subject The topic of the resource AFFIDAVITS DISCRIMINATION against Latin Americans ETHNIC discrimination RACE discrimination - public establishments RACE discrimination - restaurants PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960 Relation A related resource Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." <a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://arcg.is/1C1bbv</a>. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information. Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BEXAR BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority in and for said County, State of Texas, this day personally came and appeared JESUS GARCIA, to me well known, and who, after being by me duly sworn, did depose and say: My name is Jesus Garcia. I reside at 428 Burleson St., in San Antonio, Texas. I am 41 years of age and married. I am a citizen of the United States of America. On Sunday, June 30, 1946, about 3:00 P.M., seven of us went into the Captain Davis Cafe, in Rockport, Texas, and sat at a table. A waitress brought some water, but before she placed the two glasses of water on the table the lady Cashier called her and told her not to serve us on this side (meaning the side where, according to them, only Anglo-Americans are served) because we were Latin Americans. The waitress came and told us what the Cashier had told her. The two Anglo-Americans told the waitress that if we Latin Americans were not served, they would not eat there either. We all left the place. The names of the seven men are: Oscar Mayen, Joe Sanchez, Henry –––––––, Pedro Solis, Jesus Garcia, Louis Leonard and Bob Clay, all residents of San Antonio, Texas, except Pedro Solis, who resides in Rockport, Texas. Further affiant sayeth not. [signed] Jesus Garcia. Sworn to and subscribed before me, this the 2nd day of July, A.D. 1946. [signed] Alonso S. Perales Notary Public, Bexar County Declaración jurada Discriminación contra Latinos Discriminación étnica Discriminación racial en establecimientos públicos Discriminación racial en restaurantes Perales, Alonso S.