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                  <text>Negrón, Delis</text>
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                  <text>Delis Negrón Collection</text>
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                  <text>Delis Negrón</text>
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                  <text>Español</text>
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                  <text>Spanish</text>
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                  <text>Inglés</text>
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                  <text>Spanish</text>
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                  <text>DEL Rio (Tex.)</text>
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                  <text>SAN Antonio (Tex.)</text>
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                  <text>LAREDO (Tex.)</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Puerto Rican literature</text>
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                  <text>Poetry</text>
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                  <text>Puerto Rican authors—20th century</text>
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                  <text>Hispanic Americans—Texas—History</text>
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                  <text>United States—Race relations—History—20th century</text>
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                  <text>LULAC (Organization)</text>
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                  <text>The Delis Negrón Collection documents the literary, editorial, and activist work of Puerto Rican author, journalist, and educator Delis Negrón (1901–1956). Donated by his family to the Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage Program, the collection includes family photographs, correspondence (letters and postcards), poetry and handwritten manuscripts and newspaper clippings from Hispanic periodicals, such as La Prensa, &lt;em&gt;The Laredo Times&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;El Tiempo Diario de Laredo&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;El Jicote&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;El ciudadano del sur de Texas&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Las noticias&lt;/em&gt;. Negrón was a cultural figure in South Texas and Mexico City, and he contributed to the Latino press and civil rights organizations such as the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), Gran cadena fraternal filantrópica, Sociedad de obreros, Sociedad fraternal mexicoamericana, Hijos de Juárez and Fé, esperanza y caridad. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This digital collection, originally on Wix, was moved to Omeka and expanded to meet standards for Dublin Core.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;br /&gt;La Colección Delis Negrón documenta la labor literaria, editorial y activista del autor, periodista y educador puertorriqueño Delis Negrón (1901–1956). Donada por su familia al programa &lt;span&gt;Recuperación de la herencia literaria hispana en los Estados Unidos (“Recovery”)&lt;/span&gt;, la colección incluye fotografías familiares, correspondencia (cartas y postales), poesía y manuscritos escritos a mano, así como recortes de periódicos hispanos como &lt;em&gt;La Prensa&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;The Laredo Times&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;El Tiempo Diario de Laredo&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;El Jicote&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;El Ciudadano del Sur de Texas&lt;/em&gt; y &lt;em&gt;Las Noticias&lt;/em&gt;. Negrón fue una figura cultural en el sur de Texas y la Ciudad de México, y colaboró con la prensa latina y con organizaciones de derechos civiles como LULAC, Gran Cadena fraternal filantrópica, Sociedad de obreros, Sociedad fraternal mexicoamericana, Hijos de Juárez y Fe, esperanza y caridad. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esta colección digital, originalmente alojada en Wix, fue transferida a Omeka y ampliada para cumplir con los estándares de Dublin Core.</text>
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              <description>A related resource</description>
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                  <text>Negrón, Delis. "¡Madre! ¿Por qué no vienes?" Proyecto de la literatura puertorriqueña/The Puerto Rican Literature Project, https://plpr.uh.edu/s/es/item/1274</text>
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                  <text>Negrón, Delis. "Dura Lex." Proyecto de la literatura puertorriqueña/The Puerto Rican Literature Project,  https://plpr.uh.edu/s/es/item/1273</text>
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                  <text>Negrón, Delis. "Palabras." Proyecto de la literatura puertorriqueña/The Puerto Rican Literature Project, https://plpr.uh.edu/s/es/item/1275</text>
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                  <text>Negrón, Delis. "Romance del soldado muerto." Proyecto de la literatura puertorriqueña/The Puerto Rican Literature Project, https://plpr.uh.edu/s/es/item/1276</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Español</text>
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                <text> Spanish</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="65055">
                <text>Spanish</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>[Carta de Irene Gómez Reina a Delis Negrón]</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Gómez Reina, Irene</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Carta de Irene Gómez Reina para Delis Negrón, preguntándole si podría escribir el prólogo a su libro de poemas, "Sendas y liras" y si podría publicar algo de su obra literaria en La prensa</text>
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                <text> Letter from Irene Gómez Reina to Delis Negrón, asking if he would write the prologue to her book of poetry, "Sendas y liras" ["Paths and lyres"] and if she can submit her work to La prensa for publication.</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1953-07</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Delis Negrón Collection</text>
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                <text>Gómez Reina, Irene</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Collection</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers</text>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                  <text>Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>Arte Público Press</text>
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              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Spanish</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Perales, Alonso S. </text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960</text>
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                  <text>LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens</text>
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                  <text>CIVIC participation: working for civil rights</text>
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                  <text>MEXICAN Americans</text>
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                  <text>LATINO Americans</text>
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                  <text>ACTIVISTS</text>
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                  <text>RACE discrimination</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections </text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="5258">
                  <text>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 </text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.</text>
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                  <text>Perales, Alonso S.  </text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>To Sr. Licenciado A. Perales, From Antonia Gómez, Nov. 30, 1933.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Gómez, Antonia</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2330">
                <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers: LULAC &amp; Sons of America: Correspondence, 1927-1957. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="21764">
                <text>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2331">
                <text>1933-11-30</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2332">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://lulac.org/about/history/women/"&gt;https://lulac.org/about/history/women/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3614">
                <text>To Miss Antonia Gómez, From Alonso S. Perales, Dec. 11, 1933.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>LETTERS</text>
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                <text>LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens</text>
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                <text>MEXICAN Americans</text>
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                <text>PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Letter from Antonia Gómez to Alonso S. Perales expressing her joy upon being named president of the new Del Rio, Texas chapter of the LULAC Ladies' Auxiliary and asking if he can send her literature.</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
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                <text>Del Rio Texas,&#13;
308 Garza St.,&#13;
Nov. 30, 1933&#13;
&#13;
Sr. Licenciado A. Perales,&#13;
San Antonio, Texas.&#13;
&#13;
Muy señor mio de mi mayor aprecio:&#13;
&#13;
Por la presente deseo expresarle mi gusto al haber sido nombrada presidenta del [strikeout: el] nuevo concilio L.U.L.A. [strikeout: C.] de señoras en Del Rio, Tex. Pues es-toy dispuesta a desempeñar mis deberes hasta donde este mi alcance. Todo el grupo está muy animado y creo tendran éxito nuestras labores. Deseo, si me Hace favor, me mande algo de literatura por medio del concilio de señores.&#13;
&#13;
Gracias por el ánimo que me dió la noche que estuvo en  Del Rio Tex., pues encerró mucho para mí en que dijera que organizaramos uno aqui.&#13;
&#13;
Sin otro asunto que de Ud. su atta. y S. S.&#13;
[signed] Antonia Gómez&#13;
Antonia Gómez</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.</text>
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              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                  <text>Texas</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales, one of the greatest Latino civil rights leaders ever, was one of the first Latino public intellectuals to master the use of the media in pioneering efforts to track and report on discrimination. Over the course of forty years of activism, during the 1920s to 1960, Perales wrote a weekly column in San Antonio’s La Prensa newspaper, the periodical with the greatest and most extensive circulation; had a radio program; published books; and maintained an unheard of level of correspondence, writing daily as many as ten letters to the authorities, civil rights activists and just everyday folk. One campaign he maintained over many years was his use of the periodicals and radio program to invite victims and witnesses of discrimination to document the cases in letter form and send them to him at his San Antonio law office. He would abstract these testimonies in his newspaper columns and radio programs and use them as evidence to demand corrective action and policy changes from government at every level. In the Alonso S. Perales archive hundreds of these letters have been preserved; many of them were written by hand by working-class people who were most likely to suffer the indignities and denial of services because they were Mexicans or Latinos. Because La Prensa and Perales’ network was so broad, the letters came not only from throughout Texas and the Southwest but from as far north as North Dakota and east as the Carolinas. The record is diverse in documenting everything from barbers refusing to cut hair to schools that would not allow Mexican families to register their children. The Perales collection of correspondence is one of the very few documentary sources that precisely date, locate and describe the instances of segregation, violence and racism experienced by Latinos over a long period of time: names are named, addresses noted and alleged crimes publicized; in most cases, however, these acts were committed with impunity, but the informal history and conscience of la raza was recording them. And now, the researchers of posterity can study and reference them in writing a truer history of the United States, and communities can become aware of these acts in developing laws and policy.</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales, uno de los líderes latinos más importantes de derechos civiles, fue uno de los primeros intelectuales públicos en dominar el uso de los medios de comunicación y  pionero en dedicar esfuerzos a rastrear y denunciar instancias de discriminación. A lo largo de cuarenta años de activismo, durante las décadas de 1920 hasta 1960, Perales escribió columnas semanales en el periódico La Prensa de San Antonio, el diario con la mayor y más extensa circulación de ese período; además tuvo un programa de radio; publicó libros; y mantuvo una extensa correspondencia, escribiendo hasta diez cartas diarias dirigidas a autoridades, activistas de derechos civiles y gente en general. Perales impulsó una campaña, que mantuvo durante muchos años, donde a través de publicaciones en periódicos y su programa de radio invitaba a las víctimas y testigos de actos de discriminación a documentar estos casos en forma de cartas y a enviárselas a su despacho de abogados de San Antonio, Texas. Perales resumía estos testimonios en sus columnas periodísticas y programas de radio y los utilizaba como prueba para exigir medidas correctivas y cambios de política al gobierno a todo nivel. En el archivo de Alonso S. Perales se conservan cientos de estas cartas; muchas de ellas escritas a mano provenientes en su mayoría de la clase trabajadora que tenía más probabilidades de sufrir humillaciones y negación de servicios por ser mexicanos o latinos.&#13;
Como la red de La Prensa y de Perales eran tan amplias, las cartas vinieron no solo desde Texas y del suroeste sino también desde lugares tan al norte como Dakota del Norte y del este como Carolina del Sur y Carolina del Norte. El material es variado y documenta desde barberos que se negaban a cortar el pelo hasta escuelas que no permitían a las familias mexicanas matricular a sus hijos. La colección de correspondencia de Perales es una de las escasas fuentes documentales que datan, localizan y describen con precisión los casos de segregación, violencia y racismo sufridos por los latinos durante un largo periodo de tiempo: se citan nombres, se anotan direcciones y se publicitan presuntos delitos; en la mayoría de los casos, sin embargo, estos actos se cometían con impunidad, pero la historia informal y la conciencia de la raza los registraban. Y ahora, los investigadores de la posteridad pueden estudiarlos y hacer referencia a ellos al escribir una historia más verdadera de Estados Unidos, y las comunidades pueden tomar conciencia de estos actos al momento de elaborar leyes y políticas.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>To Lic. Alonso S. Perales, From Martha M. Gonzales, November 14, 1949</text>
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                <text> Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960</text>
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                <text> Discrimination against Mexican Americans</text>
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                <text> Mexican Americans--Segregation</text>
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                <text> Segregation in education</text>
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                <text>Letter from Marta Gonzales to Alonso S. Perales regarding the discrimination and segregation her daughters have faced in school for being of Mexican descent.</text>
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                <text>Gonzales, Marta M.</text>
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                <text>Alonso S. Perales Collection: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960.</text>
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                <text>Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2</text>
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                <text> To Lic. Alonso S. Perales, From [Marta M.] Gonzales, July 12, 1949</text>
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                <text>Cuero (Text.)</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="72709">
                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
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        <name>Mexicanoamericanos--Segregación en la educación</name>
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        <name>Perales, Alonso S., 1898-1960</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Feminismo Internacional</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>FEMINISM</text>
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                  <text>WOMEN</text>
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                  <text>ART</text>
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                  <text>FASHION</text>
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              <name>Language</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>A 1920s Hispanic newspaper published in the United States devoted to Latina feminism. Topics include sociology, art, literature, and music.</text>
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                  <text>Un periódico de los años 20, publicado en los Estados Unidos, dedicado al feminismo desde la perspectiva latina. Los temas incluyen sociología, arte, literatura y música.</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Arizmendi, Elena</text>
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              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                  <text>Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage</text>
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                  <text>1923</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="14504">
                  <text>Copyright Arte Público Press</text>
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              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Arizmendi, Elena</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Alegrías </text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Gonzalez del Blanco, Roberto </text>
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                <text>Still Image </text>
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                <text>SPAIN</text>
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                <text>NEW York (N.Y.)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="71201">
                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Collection</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers</text>
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                  <text>Arte Público Press/Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                  <text>Arte Público Press</text>
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              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Spanish</text>
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                  <text>English</text>
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              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Perales, Alonso S. </text>
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              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                  <text>JPEG</text>
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              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Text</text>
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                  <text>Photograph</text>
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              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960</text>
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                  <text>LEAGUE of United Latin American Citizens</text>
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                  <text>CIVIC participation: working for civil rights</text>
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                  <text>LATINO Americans</text>
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                  <text>ACTIVISTS</text>
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                  <text>RACE discrimination</text>
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              <description>A related resource</description>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers, University of Houston Libraries Special Collections </text>
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                  <text>EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2 </text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.</text>
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                  <text>Perales, Alonso S.  </text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>paper</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Affidavit sworn by Daniel Flores González to Alonso S. Perales</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;Perales, Alonso S.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Are We Good Neighbors?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;1948.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Affidavit sworn by Daniel Flores González to Alonso S. Perales in which he states that he and two ladies of Mexican descent were refused service at Manhattan Cafe in Bracketville, Texas.</text>
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                <text>AFFIDAVITS</text>
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                <text>THE STATE OF TEXAS&#13;
COUNTY OF BEXAR&#13;
&#13;
 BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority in and for said County, State of Texas, this day personally came and appeared Daniel Flores Gonzalez, to me well known, and who, after being by me duly sworn, did depose and say:&#13;
&#13;
My name is Daniel Flores Gonzalez. I am 24 years of age and reside in Brackettville, Texas. I served in the United States Army about 38 months, 26 of which I spent overseas. I took part in four battles. I have two brothers in the United States Army. One of them served about 5 years and the other about 3 years. They served overseas also, and recently they reenlisted for three years. &#13;
&#13;
On Saturday, August 17th, about 7:00 A.M., I was on my way to Brackettville, and while passing thru Hondo, Texas, I stopped at the Manhattan Cafe. I was accompanied by two ladies of Mexican descent. We sat at the counters intending to ask for something to eat. A boy who was employed at said Cafe came and told us that he was very sorry, but that Mexicans were not served there. I asked him why and he said that those were the orders of the manager. We thereupon left the place. &#13;
&#13;
Further affiant sayeth not. &#13;
[signed] Daniel Flores Gonzalez.&#13;
&#13;
Sworn to and subscribed before me this 20th day of August, A.D. 1946&#13;
&#13;
[signed] Alonso S. Perales&#13;
Notary Public, Bexar County, Texas</text>
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.</text>
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                <text>Letter from Francisco Gonzalez to Alonso S. Perales asking about discussions surrounding an anti-discrimination law in Texas. Gonzalez details the discrimination he and other people of Latino descent have experienced in Texas at public establishments.</text>
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                <text>Alonso S. Perales Papers: General Correspondence, c. 1920-1960. Box: 1, Folder: 34, Item: 2. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="70751">
                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
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                <text>Hamlin Texas&#13;
Septiembre 22-1941&#13;
&#13;
Sr. Lic. Alonzo [Alonso] S. Perales&#13;
Muy Sr. mio:&#13;
hace algun tiempo que e [he] venido leyendo sus interesantes articulos que publica la Prensa de San Antonio, Tex.&#13;
&#13;
Recientemente se referia Ud. a los umillamientos [humillamientos] de que somos  objeto los mexicanos y todos los demas latino americanos, creo que digo ud algo de una ley, que entonces estaba siendo estudiada por la legislatura de Texas, Ya cual protejeria los latino americanos de tales umillaciones [humillaciones], pues yo quiciera saber si dicha ley por fin fue &#13;
&#13;
[page 2]&#13;
aprovada.&#13;
&#13;
Yo soy nacido en el estado de Texas. Hijo de padres mexicanos tengo veinte y cinco años de edad me registre para el servicio miliatar y si no fuese por el hecho de que soy casado yo estaria dando mi servicio a nuestro gobierno. como ciudadano que soy.&#13;
&#13;
Mas lo malo es que nuestra ciudadania no es reconocida mas que en casos como esta que el gobierno nececita de hombres. y en nuestra vida civil seguimos siendo umillados[humillados] por aqui en el oeste de Texas no se nos admite en ningun restaurant hoteles barberias y mucho menos en picinas o baños publicos&#13;
&#13;
[page 3]&#13;
&#13;
nada menos este dia fui echando[hechado] fuera de un restaurant la dueña me dijo que no queria darle de comer a un mexicano en su establecimiento, por que despues iban todos y que no queria que restarant se llenase de mexicanos y negros.&#13;
&#13;
A mi, Sr. Licenciado me hervia la sangre me resisti a salir por un momento pero luego cedi. que [strikeout] podia yo hacer. recorde sus articulos que he leido, y pense escribirle y pedirle su ayuda.&#13;
&#13;
y no solamente esto si no que algunos dueños de establecimientos&#13;
&#13;
[page 4]&#13;
&#13;
publicos ponen rotulos en sus puertas, donde dice "no mexicans"&#13;
&#13;
Seran estas las tacticas de los norteamericanos, para ganar se la buena voluntad de los paises latinos? de la cual creo vastante [bastante] neceidad tendran en el desgraciado caso de una guerra.&#13;
&#13;
Si Ud cree que debo dirijirme [dirigirme] a otras personas para pedir que se haga justicia le rgueo me mande decir a quien devo [debo] dirijirme.&#13;
&#13;
Su attn y S.S.&#13;
Francisco Gonzalez &#13;
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                  <text>PERALES, Alonso S., 1898-1960</text>
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                <text>Letter from Lay Council for the Spanish Speaking, Archdiocese of San Antonio, February 28, 1947.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Letter written in response to the discrimination of Henrietta Castillo, Anita Gomez, and Lucy Elizondo. the Lay Council for the Spanish Speaking sent a letter to various organizations and newspapers, denouncing this event. Several community leaders and educators signed the letter.</text>
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                <text>Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." &lt;a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://arcg.is/1C1bbv&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Items in this collection may be under copyright. Please contact apprec@central.uh.edu for more information.</text>
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                <text>LAY COUNCIL FOR THE SPANISH SPEAKING&#13;
Archdiocese of San Antonio&#13;
Room 218, Bedell Bldg.&#13;
San Antonio, 5, Texas&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Henry B. Gonzalez, Pres. &#13;
Miss Mary Estelle Daunoy, Secy.&#13;
Dr. John l. McMahon, VIce-Pres. Mr. Luis E. Gamez, Treas.&#13;
&#13;
February 28, 1947  &#13;
&#13;
To whom it may concern:&#13;
&#13;
In view of the facts presented in the accompanying affidavit, we the members of the Lay Council for the Spanish Speaking of the Archdiocese of San Antonio, hereby vigorously protest the act of discrimination of the manager of the P.K. Cafe at 165 W. San Antonio Street in New Braunfels. We declare that this action is not only un-American but it is un-Christian. We heartily agree that a business firm may refuse service to people on the grounds that they are unclean or disorderly but when American citizens of whatever descent who are neat and clean and conduct themselves in a manner that is above reproach are refused service because their parents or grant-parents were born in another country, we feel that it is high time to cry out against it.&#13;
&#13;
The persons involved in this case happen to be outstanding representative of the group of people known as Latin Americans. One of them, for example, is a senior student at Our Lady of the Lake College. Another, possessed two Master's Degrees, one granted by the University of Texas and the other by St. Mary's University of San Antonio. The third is president of a women's church group in San Antonio. The brother of Miss Castillo died in the service of his country. He was a member for the Army Air Forces during the last war. Mrs. Gomez's son is still in the U.S. Navy, having served in combat during the war. The brother and seventeen close relatives of Miss Elizondo served int he armed forces of this country during World War II. All three women have records of unquestioned calibre [caliber] of patriotism to the country to the country of their birth in the United States of America. They were deeply hurt by this discrimination and we feel that they deserve at least an apology.&#13;
&#13;
The action of this person discriminating against these three women is contrary to the principles on which our country was founded. Such acts of discrimination cause all good Americans to hang their heads in shame. As loyal Americans we feel it our bounden duty to see that discrimination such as this is given all possible attention to the end that this disgraceful blight on our way of life be eliminated once and for all.&#13;
&#13;
(Signed)&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Henry B. Gonzalez, Executive Secretary&#13;
Junior Deputy Organization&#13;
&#13;
Dr. John. L. McMahon, President&#13;
Our Lady of the Lake College&#13;
&#13;
Miss Frances Smith, Dean of Girls&#13;
Thomas Jefferson High School&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Andrew Rivera, Vice President&#13;
National Bank of Commerce&#13;
&#13;
Reverend Paul J. Ehlinger, Director&#13;
Catholic Welfare Bureau&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Alonso S. Perales, Attorney&#13;
&#13;
Miss Alice Des Marais, Director&#13;
Social Service Department , Santa Rosa Hospital&#13;
&#13;
Miss Mary Piña, School Teacher&#13;
Bowie School&#13;
&#13;
Mrs. Terrell Bartlett, President&#13;
Archdiocesan Council of Catholic Women&#13;
&#13;
Miss Christine Carvajal, School teacher&#13;
Ruiz School&#13;
&#13;
Reverend John M. Hayes, Professor of Religion&#13;
Incarnate Word College&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Juan L. Hidalgo, Men's Field Worker&#13;
Bishops' Committee for the Spanish Speaking&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Richard S. O'Connor, Director&#13;
Graduate School of Social Science&#13;
Our Lady of the Lake College&#13;
&#13;
cc: The Texas Good Neighbor Commission, Austin, Texas&#13;
&#13;
cc: Dr. George I. Sanchez, University of Texas Austin, Texas&#13;
&#13;
cc: Dr. Carlos E. Castañeda, University of Texas, Austin, Texas&#13;
&#13;
cc: New Braunfels Herald&#13;
&#13;
cc: Alamo Register&#13;
&#13;
cc: La Prensa&#13;
&#13;
cc: La Voz&#13;
&#13;
cc: Southern Messenger&#13;
&#13;
cc: San Antonio Ministerial Alliance&#13;
&#13;
cc: San Antonio Chamber of Commerce &#13;
&#13;
cc: Mexican Chamber of Commerce&#13;
&#13;
cc: New Braunfels Business and Professional Women's Club&#13;
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                  <text>Alonso S. Perales (1898-1960) was a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, author, writer, speaker. His collection is held at the University of Houston's Special Collections. A sampling of his photographs, letters, and documents are included here.</text>
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                <text>Perales, Alonso S.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Are We Good Neighbors?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;1948.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collection: Series 2&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Gauthereau, Lorena. "Are We Good Neighbors?: Mapping Discrimination Against Mexican Americans in 1940s Texas." &lt;a href="https://arcg.is/1C1bbv" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://arcg.is/1C1bbv&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>THE STATE OF TEXAS&#13;
COUNTY OF BEXAR&#13;
&#13;
BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority in and for said County, State of Texas, this day personally came and appeared JUAN S. GONZALEZ, to me well known, and who, after being by me duly sworn, did depose and say:&#13;
&#13;
 My name is Juan S. Gonzalez. I am native born citizen of the United States and reside at 541 West Mitchell St., in San Antonio, Texas. I am a veteran of World War II. I served about four years in the United States Army, thirty two months of which I served overseas. I took part in three major engagements in the southwest Pacific.&#13;
&#13;
On Friday, May 3, 1946, about 7:30 P.M., Mr. Gilberto G. Gonzalez and I went into the Spanish Village Cafe at 327 Blum St. in San Antonio, Texas, and as we were going in, a lady who appeared to be the manager or proprietress, told us that she did not have any room for us. Whereupon Mr. Gilberto G. Gonzalez asked her what she meant by that, whether she meant that she did not serve Mexicans there, and she replied that was exactly what she wanted to tell us. Mr. Gonzalez told her: "I think you are getting a little too big", and she answered: "I want to be that way". We then left the place.&#13;
&#13;
There were only two or three people being served in the Cafe at the time, and there were plenty of tables available.&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Gonzalez and I were well dressed and we deported [sic: comported] ourselves like gentlemen when we went into said Cafe.&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Gonzalez is also a veteran of World War II and he likewise served overseas. He lives in San Antonio and both he and I are employed by the Texas Employment Commission, in San Antonio, Texas.&#13;
&#13;
Further affiant sayeth not. &#13;
[signed] Juan S. Gonzalez&#13;
&#13;
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this the 8th day of May, A.D. 1946&#13;
&#13;
 [signed] Alonso S. Perales&#13;
Notary Public in and for Bexar County, Texas</text>
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